SUMMARY  OF  GETTYSBURG  PUBLICATIONS. 

ISOM  ETR  ICAL     DRAWING     OF     THE     BATTLE-FIELD, 

REPRESENTING  TWENTY-FIVE  SQUARE  MILES  OF  COUNTRY. 

TniS  differs  from  a  topographical  drawing,  as  it  shows  the  elevation  of  objects,  and  from  a 
YTKW.  as  objects  do  not  diminish  in  size  as  they  recede  in  distance.     Every  hill  and  valley,  every  field  and 
forest,   every  fence  and  house,  is  shown.     On  this   landscape  view  the  most  important  position  of  every 
regiment  and  battery  of  both  armies  is  located  for  each  of  the  three  days1  battle,  and  its  name  attached. 

PRICES. 
PLAIN  (without  sky)  .............................................................................  $3.00 

TINTED.     (This  and  the  two  following  has  a  sky,  and  is  suitable  to  frame)  ...........................     5.00 

PROOF,  printed  in  tints,  on  heavy  plate  paper,  having  positions  of  troops  colored  .....................  10.00 

COLOBEO  PKOOF.    Carefully  finished  in  water  colors  .........................................  ,  ......  15.00 

Sent  free  on  receipt  of  price. 


"REPULSE     OF     LONGSTREET'S     ASSAULT," 

STEEL  ENGRAVING.—  (NOT  YET  PUBLISHKD.) 

A  fine  steel  engraving  (parlor  size),  from  the  Historical   Painting  of  the  "  Eepulse  of  Longstreet'a 
Assault,"  painted  by  JAMES  WALKER,  from  historical  data  by  JOHN  B.  BACHELDER. 

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ARTIST'S  PKOOF  .................................................................................  100.00 

The  hitter  edition  will  be  limited  to  two  hundred  copies  for  America  and  Europe,  which  will  be  care 
fully  selected,  numbered,  and  signed  by  the  artist  and  publisher. 

"REPULSE     OF     LONGSTREET'S     ASSAULT," 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PAINTING. 

Showing  the  positions  and  movements  of  troops.     44  pages,  royal  8vo,  in  paper,  with  outline  key  .  ..25c. 
ESP"  Sent  free  on  receipt  of  price. 

DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

Embracing,  in  addition  to  the  above,  a  brief  account  of  the  battle  from  the  commencement;  also  the 
local  points  of  the  field.     With  an  Appendix,   containing  letters  and  reports  of  officers  of  both  armies, 
never  before  published,  showing  the  authorities  for  the  painting.     Together  with  a  complete  ALPHABETICAL 
INDEX  of  every  CORPS.  DIVISION,  BRIGADE,  REGIMENT,  BATTERY,   and  OFFICER  mentioned  in  the  work. 
PLAIN  ML-RLIN   .  ..  .................................................................................  $1.00 

FINE   EDITION   (table  book),   on   heavy  toned-paper.     Fourteen  splendid  Steel  Portraits  of  Generals. 
Elaborately  bound,  Levant  cloth,  gilt,  beveled  boards,  gilt  edzes  .....................................  $5,00 

KEF*  Sent  free  on  receipt  of  price. 

OUTLINE  KEY  TO  THE  "REPULSE  OF  LONGSTREET'S  ASSAULT," 

This,  as  its  name  indicates,  is  an  outline  of  the  painting,  reduced  to  18  inches,  under  which  is  a 
Reference,  Charf,  which,  by  aid  ot  numerals  placed  over  the  Key  connecting  by  a  vertical  line  with  the 
object  on  it.  indicates  by  name  the  position  of  DIVISIONS,  BRIGADES.  KEGIMENTS.  BATTERIES,  and  OFFICERS. 
It  locates  on  the  painting  the  position  of  two  hundred  and  fifty-one  regiments  and  seventy-eight  batteries, 
and  has  been  compiled  at  great  expense  from  material  never  before  published. 

£W~  Sent  free  on  receipt  of  a  Three,  Cent  Stamp  ! 

HISTORY     OF     THE     BATTLE. 

Compiled  from  the  Official  Reports  of  the  officers  of  both  armies,  furnished  me  by  the  Government  for 
that  purpose  —  interviews  with  the  officers  of  every  regiment  and   battery  engaged  —  thousands  of  letters 
Irom  all  source?,  and  personal  visits  to  the  battle-fie'ld  with  forty  -six  generals  commanding,  and  over  one 
thousand  commissioned  officers  engaged  at  the  battle,  the  whole  occupying  over  six  and  a  half  years. 

PRICES. 
POPULAR  EDITION  (without  Portraits),  royal  Svo,  bound  in  cloth  ..................................     $5  00 

with  Portraits,  printed  from  transfers  ..........................................       7.50 

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SAME  EDITION,  printed  on  fine  paper.  PROOF  Portraits,  bound  in  half  morocco,  beveled  boards  ........     17.50 

FINE  EDITION,  on  tinted  paper.  Proof  Portraits,  full  morocco,  gilt,  beveled  boards,  gilt  edges  ........     25.00 

LARGE  PAPER  EDITION  (limited),  printed  from  new  type,  and  the  original  wood-cuts,  in  the  best  style 

of  modern  hand-press  work,  on  extra  heavy  toned-paper,  with  the  finest  INDIA   PROOF  POR 

TRAITS.  in  sheets,  stitched,  uncut  ..................................    ..........................  100.00 

Elaborately  bound,  full  Levant  morocco,  gilt  ....................................................     125.00 

$S.5uO.OO  north  of  illustration*  are  already  engraved  for  this  icork,  including  forty  -two  steel 
portrait*  of  general  ojicers.  and  several  others  ordered,  %SF~  Subscriptions  received. 

EPISODES    OF     THE     BATTLE. 

I  have  already  had  painted,  and  in  hand,  several  important  r-pisodes  of  the  battle,  from  which  steel  Enzravinsrs  are  to  be  executed. 
I  am  also  prepared  to  desi-n,  have  painted,  and  publish,  STEEL  ENGRAVINGS,  CHROMO-LITHOGBAPHS,  or  PLAIN  LITHOGRAPHS  of  any 

The  large  Historical  Painting  of 

"THE     LAST     HOURS     OF     L  I  N  COL  H  ,"  by  Chapptl, 

containing  life-like  Portraits  of  47  Figures,  fa  «1«>  In   the  engraver's  hand*.     This   will  be  completed  in    1S71,  and  will  be  the  mott 
/ttyhly-litiuted  Engraving  tier  executed  in.  America.    Sold  only  by  subscription. 

PRICES. 

ELECTROTYPE  PP.IN-T,  $7.50  ;  PLAIN,  $15  ;  PROOF,  fiS  ;  INDIA  PROOF,  $60;  ARTIST'S  PROOF,  $100. 

The  above  works  are  sold  entirely  by  subscription,  for  which  experienced  Agents,  who  have  the  capital  to  conduct  the  business 
energetically,  are  wanted  in  every  State,  County,  City,  and  Town  in  the  country. 

"  PIT'  None  others  nned  apply.  'je\ 
Orders  for  either  oft/it  ah'irf  otn  he  •tent  direct  co  the  Publisher. 

JOHN  B.  BACHELDER,  Publisher,  59  Beekman  Street,  New  York, 


DESCRIPTIVE    KEY 


TO   T1IE   PAINTING    OF    TIIK 


REPULSE  OF  IONGSTREETS  ASSAULT 


BATTLE  OF  GETTYSBURG. 

(JULY  3,   1S63.) 

HISTORICALLY   ARRANGED   BY    JOHN    B.    BACHELDER,  AND   PAINTED   BY 

JAMES   WALKER. 


A   BRIEF  OUTLINE  OF   THE  BATTLE,   SHOWING  THE  RELATIVE  POSITIONS 

OF    THE     CONTENDING     FORCES,    AND    EXPLAINING    THE   POINTS   OF 

LOCAL   AND   MILITARY   INTEREST   DELINEATED   BY   THE   ARTIST. 


WITH  APPENDIX, 


CONTAINING   PRIVATE    LETTERS   AND    OFFICIAL    REPORTS    FROM    BOTH    ARMIES,  SHOWING  THE  AUTHORITIES  FOR 
THE   PAINTING  J    WITH    A   COMPLETE    INDEX    OF    THE   OFFICERS   AND   TROOPS   MENTIONED. 


JOHIST     B.     B  A  CHELDE  R,,     A,   M 

AUTHOB  OF    "  ISOMETEICAL   DBAWING   OF  THE  GETTYSBURG   BATTLE-FIELD." 


JJork: 

PUBLISHED    BY    JOH^     B.     BACHELDER, 


59   BEEKMAN  STREET. 
1870. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1&70,  by 

JOHN   B.   BACHELDER, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District    Court  of    the  United  States   for  the  Southern 
District  of  New  York. 


ALVORD,     PRINTER. 


£t75 
•  S3 


PREFACE. 


IT  has  been  found  difficult  in  the  preparation  of  this 
work,  necessarily  brief,  to  simply  glance  at  the  prominent 
features  of  the  battle,  and  mention  the  important  points, 
without  extending  the  account  beyond  the  purpose  for  which 
it  was  intended.  Where  so  much  could  be  said,  it  was  not 
easy  to  dismiss  with  a  sentence  scenes  and  episodes  in  the 
battle  entitled  to  chapters  of  explanation,  while  others, 
perhaps  equally  important,  could  not  be  mentioned  at  all. 

Indeed,  it  was  not  at  first  contemplated  to  publish  one 
fourth  of  the  present  material,  but  simply  a  brief  description 
of  the  painting  which  it  was  intended  to  accompany.  With 
this  painting  the  necessity  for  a  detailed  explanation  seemed 
greater  than  with  ordinary  historical  scenes ;  first,  because  the 
public  have  not  yet  become  fully  familiar  with  the  detailed 
history  of  the  battle,  and  also  because  the  painting  itself  is 
unusually  full,  and  having  been  designed  and  painted  with 
strict  reference  to  historical  correctness,  the  interest  in  it 
will  be  greatly  enhanced  by  having  always  at  hand  a  full 
description  of  its  details,  with  proper  historical  references  and 
authorities,  particularly  as  it  is  accompanied  by  an  outline 
key.  It  was  not  my  intention  at  first  to  illustrate  it;  but, 
having  the  plates  of  nearly  fifty  steel  portraits,  which  have 
been  engraved  for  my  history  of  the  battle,  I  decided  to 

M590406 


Q  PREFACE. 

insert  into  a  FINE  EDITION  of  this  work  the  portraits  of  such 
generals  as  actually  participated  in  this  part  of  the  battle. 
I  regret  that  the  portraits  of  Confederate  generals,  now  being 
engraved,  could  not  have  been  added,  but  the  publication 
having  been  but  recently  contemplated,  they  could  not  be 
completed  in  season. 

In  the  following  pages  now  presented  to  the  public,  the 
writer  has  already  embodied  many  thoughts  ordinarily  intro 
duced  in  prefatory  remarks;  yet,  as  this  work  partakes  of  the 
nature  of  an  introduction  to  my  history  of  the  battle,  now 
being  compiled,  I  embrace  this  opportunity  to  reiterate  a 
few  of  the  thoughts  contained  in  the  text.  One  is  the  fact 
that  the  members  of  several  regiments  and  batteries,  which  I 
know  to  have  had  a  fine  record  at  the  battle,  have  hitherto 
failed  to  furnish  me  with  an  account  of  the  detailed  move 
ments  of  their  commands.  As  it  is  my  intention  to  confine 
myself  strictly  to  an  authentic  history  of  the  battle,  the 
officers  of  such  commands  as  fail  to  supply  me  writh  the  data 
can  not  afterward  complain  of  a  meager  account  of  their 
movements. 

I  have  been  unable,  in  this  work,  to  speak  of  hundreds 
of  officers  who  distinguished  themselves,  and  contributed 
materially  to  the  result  of  the  battle.  In  future  publications 
I  shall,  as  far  as  practicable,  treat  this  part  of  the  subject. 


CO^TE^TS. 


PAGE 

STORY  OF  THE  BATTLE  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .9-11 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  BATTLE-FIELD     .......  12-15 

GENERAL  REYNOLDS     .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .16 

FIRST  DAY'S  BATTLE    .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .10-17 

SECOND  DAY'S  BATTLE.            ...                        ....  18-20 

THIRD  DAY  OP  THE  BATTLE      ........  21-30 

FORMATION  OF  CONFEDERATE  LINE  OF  BATTLE         .....  21-23 

POSITION  OF  CONFEDERATE  ARTILLERY          ......  24-25 

THE  CANNONADE         .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .25 

THE  ASSAULT  AND  REPULSE  ........  26-30 

DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  PAINTING           .......  31-48 

GENERAL  ARMISTEAD  .........  33-34 

MAJOR-GENERAL  MEADE          .                         ......  34 

GENERAL  HANCOCK  (wounded)             .......  35 

GENERAL  GIBBON*  (ivounded)    ........  35 

WEBB'S  BRIGADE          .........  35-37 

HALL'S  BRIGADE          ....                         ....  37-38 

HARROW'S  BRIGADE    .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .38 

ARTILLERY        ..........  38-41 

STANDARD'S  BRIGADE  .........  39 

HAYS'  DIVISION — SMYTH'S,  SIIERRILL'S,  and  CARROLL'S  Brigades       ...  40 

ROBINSON'S  DIVISION — COULTER'S  and  BAXTER'S  Brigades  ....  41 

GENERAL   HOWARD      .........  41 

STEINWERR'S  DIVISION — SMITH'S  Brigado        .             .....  41 

SCHURZ'S  DIVISION       .........  41 

ELEVEN  rii  CORPS  ARTILLERY              .......  41 

FOREGROUND  FORMATION         ........  42-43 

GENERAL  BIRNEY         .........  43 

GENERAL  WARD           .........  43 

BERDAN'S  BRIGADE      .........  43 

GENERAL  NEWTON       .........  43 

DOUBLEDAY'S  DIVISION — ROWLEY'S  aud  DANA'S  Brigades      ....  43-44 

BRIGADES  OF  DE  TROBRIAND,  MADILL,  EUSTIS,  and  SIIALER            ...  44 

HUMPHREY'S  DIVISION — CARR'S,  BREWSTER'S  and  BURLING'S  Brigades          .            .  44-45 

CALDWELL'S  DIVISION — MCKEENE'S,  KELLEY'S,  FRAZER'S,  and  BROOKE'S  Brigades   .  45 

McGiLVERY's  BRIGADE  OF  RESERVE  ARTILLERY         .....  45 

WRIGHT'S  DIVISION — TORBERT'S  Brigade        ......  45 

BARNES'S  DIVISION* — SWEITZER'S  and  RICE'S  Brigades            ....  46 

CRAWFORD'S  DIVISION — MCCANDLESS'S  Brigade         .....  46 

WHKATON'S  DIVISION — BARTLETT'S  (UPTON'S),  and  KEVINS' s  Brigades         .            .  46 

AYRES'  DIVISION — DAY'S,  BURBANK'S,  GARRARD'S  (WEED'S)  Brigades           .            .  46 

TILTON*'S  BRIGADE        .........  47 

FISHER'S  BRIGADE       .....            ....  47 

GENERAL  HOWE          .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .47 

GRANT'S  BRIGADE        .........  47 

RUSSELL'S  BRIGADE     .........  47 

KIT/PATRICK'S  DIVISION  (Cavalry) — FARNSWORTH'S  and  MERRITT'S  Brigades              .  48 

CUSTER'S  BRIGADE      .........  48 

COMPILER'S  STATEMENT           ........  49-51 

ISOMETRICAL  DRAWING            ........  52 

LETTERS  (TESTIMONIAL)           .                         ......  53 

ORIGIN*  AND  HISTORY  OF  THE  PAINTING  64 


§  CONTENTS. 

PAGE 
ENGRAVING        .........  55 

HISTORY  OF  THE  BATTLE        .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .56 

TRICES  OF  DITTO          .........  57 

EXTRACTS  FROM  OFFICIAL  REPORTS  AND  L::;-;I:I:S    .....     59-84 

LETTER  FROM  MAJOR-GENERAL  MEADE         ......     61-62 

UNION  REPORTS  (Extracts)      ........     63-78 

REPORT  OF  MAJOR-GENERAL  HANCOCK          ......     63-64 

"          BRIGADIER-GENERAL  HUNT         ......     64-65 

"  GIBBON       ......     65-66 

•'  "  "          HARROW     ......  66 

"  "  "          WEBB          ......     66-67 

LETTERS  OF  "  " 67 

LETTER  OF  MAJOR  MITCHELL  .  .  .  .  .  .  .68 

LIEUTENANT  HAMILTON    .....  G8 

"         LIEUTENANT- COLONEL  MACV        .....  69 

REPORT  OF  CAPTAIN  ELLINGWOOD     .  ...  69 

"  "        DARROW  .......  69 

COLONEL  HEATH  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .69 

"          CAPTAIN  COATES  ....  69 

COLONEL  GATES  .  .  .  '•          •  •  '  ^ 

LETTER  OF  CAPTAIN  OWENS   .  .  .  .*          .  .  .  70 

REPORT  OF  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  STANNARD  .  .  .  .  .70 

"  "          HAYS          ......  71 

"          CAPTAIN  SEELEY  .......  71 

•'          LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  SAWYER   .  .  .  72 

MAJOR-GENERAL  HOWARD  .  .  .  .  .  .72 

NEWTON  .....  73 

HUMPHREYS     .  ....          74 

SEDGWICK         ......          74 

<;          BRIGADIER-GENERAL  SHALER       ......  74 

"  "          AYHKS        .....  74 

COLONEL  TILTON  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .74 

"         SWEITZER          .  .  .  .  .  .  .75 

RICE      ........  75 

"         GARRARD  .......  75 

CAPTAIN  HAZARD  .......     75-76 

COLONEL  MCGILVERY       .  .  .  .  .  .  .76 

"          CAPTAIN  FITZHUGH          .......     76-77 

"          LIEUTENANT  PARSONS      .  .  .  .  .  .  .77 

LETTER  FROM  CAPTAIN  COWAN  .  .  .  .  .  .  .77-78 

COLONEL  MORGAN        .  .  .  .  .  .  .78 

CONFEDERATE  REPORTS  ........     79-84- 

REPORT  OF  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  PENDLETON  ....  79 

"          LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  LONGSTREET         .....     79-80 

"          BRIGADIER-GENERAL  DAVIS         .  .  .  .  .  .81 

COLONEL  SHEPARD  .  .  .  .  .  .81-82 

"          MAJOR  JONES       .......  82 

"        ENGELHARD          .....  .    82-83 

COLONEL  LOURANCE  .  83 

BRIGADIER-GENERAL  LANK  ......          83 

•'  "          Wn.cox       ......  83 

COLONEL  LANG     ........          84 

INDEX  ..........     85- 

SUMMARY  OF  GETTYSBURG  PUBLICATIONS 


%. 


put- 


THE   STORY   OF   THE   BATTLE. 

THE  Battle  of  Gettysburg  must  always  be  regarded  as  the 
decisive,  though  not  the  closing,  battle  of  the  war. 

In  the  struggle  was  involved  not  only  the  honor  of  the  Army 
of  the  Potomac,  but  the  safety  from  invasion  of  the  Northern 
States  ;  not  only  the  success  of  LEE'S  sortie,  but  that  of  the 
Confederacy  itself;  the  life  of  the  nation  and  the  fate  of  liberty 
throughout  the  world  hung  in  the  dreadful  balance.  Its  result 
not  only  put  an  end  to  all  hopes  and  fears  of  a  Northern  inva 
sion,  but  forced  the  Confederate  leaders  and  armies  to  resume 
the  defensive  policy. 

It  was  eminently  proper,  therefore,  that  this  battle  should 
be  selected  as  the  one  most  worthy  to  be  fully  and  faithfully 
illustrated  and  described  by  the  artist's  pencil  and  the  histo 
rian's  pen.  The  painting  which  is  now  before  the  reader's  eye, 
is  the  result  of  the  former's  labors ;  the  work  of  the  author  is 
not  yet  completed. 

From  the  grand  assault  of  LONGSTKEET'S  command,  on  the 
third  day  of  the  battle,  the  Confederate  army  retired  bloodily 
repulsed  and  forever  broken ;  LEE'S  army  never  again  recover 
ed  from  the  blow  which  it  here  received. a 

a.  Lieutenant-General  JAMES  LOXGSTEEET  of  the  Confederate  array  spent  several 
hours,  in  1868,  in  Mr.  WALKER'S  studio,  examining  this  painting,  not  then  com 
pleted.  Aftec  looking  at  it  closely  for  some  time,  he  turned  with  a  sad  smile  to 
the  designer,  and  said  : — 

"Colonel,  there's  where  I  came  to  grief." 

"Yes,"  I  responded.  "I  have  called  your  assault,  the  'tidal-wave,'  and  the 
copse  of  trees  M  in  the  center  of  the  picture,  the  '  high-water  mark '  of  the 
rebellion." 

'•'You  said  rightly,"  he  responded.  "We  were  successful  until  then.  From 
that  point  we  retreated  and  continued  to  recede,  and  never  again  made  successful 
headwav." 


}()  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

The  repulse  of  LONGSTREET'S  charge  was  consequently  not 
only  the  decisive  episode  of  this  decisive  battle,  but  of  the  war  ; 
for  this  reason,  the  designer  of  this  painting  has  chosen  it  as 
the  subject  of  the  principal  of  a  series  of  pictures  illustrating 
this  conflict.  But  the  localities  of  the  chief  engagements  on  all 
three  days  of  the  battle  (save  those  on  the  right  wing)  may  be 
clearly  traced  thereon. 

When  this  painting  is  examined  by  the  educated  military 
critic,  accustomed  to  extensive  field  operations,  his  practiced 
eye  will  readily  follow  the  evolutions  of  the  several  commands. 
He  will  discover  the  threatened  point  of  attack  and  understand 
the  manner  of  defense.  The  movements  of  the  exhausted  bat 
teries  which  are  "  limbering  to  the  rear,"  and  of  those  which 
go  thundering  to  the  front  will  be  readily  understood. 
The  excited  infantry  which  rush  in  to  the  combat, — the  cool 
reserves  who  rest  on  their  arms,  —  the  dashing  horsemen 
with  their  curious  pennants,  —  the  unarmed  prisoners  hur 
ried  and  hurrying  to  the  rear, — the  shattered  limber  and 
wounded  horses, — the  puffs  of  smoke  from  cannon  and  musket 
ry,  and  exploding  shells  which  dot  the  scene,  tell  the  story  of 
battle  in  language  familiar  to  the  soldier.  But  to  those  unac 
quainted  with  military  evolutions  and  battle  scenes,  this  paint 
ing,  in  which  grand  pictorial  effects  have  been  designedly  sacri 
ficed  to  accuracy,  must  present  an  aspect  of  confusion.  For 
this  reason,  the  accompanying  Key  and  the  following  descrip 
tion  of  the  painting  have  been  prepared.  The  former  indicates 
every  point  of  interest  on  the  field ;  the  latter  contains  a  de 
scription  of  the  battle-field ;  a  brief  outline  of  events  of  the 
three  days'  battle,  and  of  numerous  incidents  illustrated  in  the 
painting ;  besides  an  appendix,  giving  extracts  from  the  official 
reports  and  letters  of  the  commanders  on  both  sides,  fully  es 
tablishing  the  authenticity  of  the  painting.  All  interest  in  it 
must  depend  on  its  correctness ;  and  to  establish  this,  the  key 


THE  STORY  OF  THE  BATTLE.  ;Q 

and  description  have  been  prepared.  But  the  interest  in  the 
picture  will  be  largely  enhanced,  if  the  reader  will  carefully 
study  the  key  and  familiarize  himself  with  the  description. 

It  is  not  claimed  by  the  executor  of  this  painting  that  the 
scenes  and  incidents  represented  on  it  were  of  simultaneous 
occurrence.  Indeed,  it  would  have  been  quite  impossible  for 
the  beholder  to  witness,  at  a  single  glance,  the  individual  opera 
tions  on  the  field  of  so  many  thousands  of  men,  or  even  to 
trace  the  movements  of  their  commanders.  In  the  representa 
tion  of  all  historical  events,  the  artist's  license  allows  him  to 
select  and  combine  such  episodes  as  will  best  convey  the  story 
to  be  told.a  It  is  asserted,  however,  that  every  movement 
indicated  in  this  painting  was  enacted  during  the  consummation 
of  the  great  historical  event,  the  charge  and  repulse  of  LONG- 
STREET'S  command,  on  the  afternoon  of  July  3,  1863. 

When  the  reader  shall  have  familiarized  himself  with  the 
history  of  the  action,  as  deduced  from  the  subjoined  descrip 
tion,  and  extracts  contained  in  the  appendix,  the  apparent  intri 
cacies  of  the  painting  will  disappear,  and  he  will  have  obtained 
a  clear,  intelligible  idea  of  the  greatest  of  modern  battles,  and 
the  most  daring  of  military  movements. 

a.  As  an  illustration — 

Major  MITCHELL  86*  is  represented  reporting  to  Major-General  MEADE  9° 
that  Major-General  HANCOCK  49  has  been  wounded.  Yet,  by  reference  to  the 
painting,  we  see  General  HANCOCK  represented  just  falling  from  his  horse.  This 
seeming  incongruity  is  adopted  because  the  act  of  falling  best  tells  the  story.  Had 
he  been  painted  lying  on  the  ground,  no  one  would  recognize  the  fact  of  his  being 
wounded ;  but,  as  it  is,  it  is  apparent  to  all. 

*  The  figures  interspersed  through  the  book  refer  to  the  outline  Key  of  the  painting,  and  are 
placed  in  two  lines  above  it.  The  lower  line  refers  to  Union  troops  and  officers.  The  upper  line  to  the 
Confederates.  The  capital  letters  in  the  intermediate  space  refer  to  local  points  of  interest. 


itscrijrtion  of 

THE  important  local  points  of  interest  on  the  battle-field, 
as  here  delineated,  demand  our  first  attention,  as  necessary  to 
the  comprehension  of  the  whole.  Let  the  reader  imagine  him 
self  on  some  elevated  position  facing  the  west,  from  which  he 
can  overlook  the  field  at  half-past  three  o'clock  in  the  after 
noon. 

Cemetery  Hill  Z,  a  prominent  elevation,  the  burying-place 
of  the  town  of  Gettysburg,  bounds  the  painting  on  the 
right.  Round  Top  mountain  D  is  at  the  extreme  left.  Pro 
truding  from  its  northern  face  is  a  bold  granite  spur,  popularly 
known  as  Little  Round  Top  B,  but  in  my  Isometrical  Draw 
ing  of  the  field,  I  have  called  it  Weed's  Hill,  in  honor  of  the 
gallant  general  who  gave  his  life  in  its  defense.  The  low 
ridge  connecting  Cemetery  Hill  and  Little  Round  Top,  along 
which  the  Union  line  of  battle  was  formed  on  the  third  day, 
has  been  known,  since  the  battle,  by  the  general  name  of 
Cemetery  Ridge.  The  surface  between  Round  Top  and  Little 
Round  Top,  falls  away  into  a  depressed  ridge.  The  portion 
nearest  Little  Round  Top  occupied  by  General  Vincent's  bri 
gade,  on  July  2d,  I  have  called  Vincent's  Spur  C,  in  honor  of 
the  officer  who  received  there  his  mortal  wound.  Immediately 
in  front  of  this  is  a  rocky  ravine  filled  with  immense  bo\vlders 
and  deep  chasms,  which  served  as  a  natural  work  of  defense 
during  the  battle  of  the  second  day ;  it  is  now  known  as  the 
Devil's  Den  E.  Near  by  is  a  wheat-field  G,  an  inclosure  of 
several  acres,  in  which  w7heat  was  standing  uncut  when  the 
battle  began.  It  \vas  the  scene  of  many  fierce  encounters,  and 


LOCAL  POINTS  OF  INTEREST.  }3 

its  name  will  always  be  identified  with  the  history  of  the  bat 
tle. 

At  Cemetery  Hill  the  ridge  terminates,  but  the  line  of  bat 
tle  made  a  sharp  turn  to  the  east,  and  curved  in  southward 
again  for  a  short  distance,  passing  over  another  elevation 
known  as  Gulp's  Hill.  This  part  of  the  line  is  not  shown  in 
the  painting,  but  its  topography  is  clearly  delineated,  and  the 
positions  of  all  the  troops  are  laid  down  on  my  Isometrical 
Drawing  of  the  battle-field.  Looking  at  the  ridge  from  the 
north,  it  has  the  general  form  of  the  letter  J.  A  still  better  if 
not  more  familiar  comparison,  has  likened  it  to  a  fish-hook ; 
Hound  Top  being  the  head,  Cemetery  Ridge  the  shank,  Ceme 
tery  Hill  the  hook  or  bend,  and  Gulp's  Hill  the  point.  On  this 
curiously  curved  ridge,  and  extending  from  Round  Top  to 
Gulp's  Hill,  was  the  line  of  battle  of  the  Union  army  on  July 
3d.  Only  that  portion  of  the  line  from  Round  Top  to  Ceme 
tery  Hill  is  shown  in  the  painting. 

Behind  and  beyond  Cemetery  Hill  a  portion  of  the  town  of 
Gettysburg  is  seen  X.  Near  the  town  is  also  seen  the  Penn 
sylvania  College  V,  used  as  a  Confederate  hospital  during  and 
after  the  battle. 

Opposite,  and  about  a  mile  due  west  from  Cemetery  Ridge 
and  running  parallel  with  it,  is  another  crest  formerly  called 
Oak  Ridge,  but  since  the  battle  known  as  Seminary  Ridge,  from 
the  Theological  Seminary  Q  located  on  it.  This  crest  is 
cleared  and  cultivated  on  its  eastern  slope,  while  the  western 
side  is  generally  covered  with  a  growth  of  hardy  timber,  form 
ing  an  admirable  cover  for  troops.  Along  the  greater  part  of 
this  ridge,  and  at  its  summit,  runs  a  strong  stone  wall;  behind 
this,  and  under  cover  of  the  woods,  the  Confederate  army 
formed  its  line  of  battle  on  the  second  and  third  days  of  July. 
As  a  defensive  line,  military  minds  consider  it  nearly  or  quite 
as  strong  as  that  held  by  the  Union  troops.  The  portion  of 


14  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

Seminary  Ridge  northwest  from  the  town  rises  into  quite  an 
elevation,  known  as  Oak  Hill  U.  This  was  the  central  point 
of  the  first  day's  battle,  the  1st  corps  being  to  its  left,  and  the 
llth  corps  on  the  right.  At  the  base  of  Oak  Hill,  Seminary 
Ridge  is  crossed  by  the  Mummasburg  turnpike  T,"  leading 
from  the  northwest  into  the  town.  Further  to  the  south  the 
ridge  is  intersected  by  an  unfinished  railroad  s,  whose  em 
bankments  and  cuts  formed  an  admirable  protection  for  the 
contending  forces  on  the  first  day  of  the  battle.  Seventy-five 
yards  to  the  left,  and  parallel  to  the  railroad,  runs  the  Cham- 
bersburg  turnpike  R.  The  Millerstown  or  Fairfield  road  P 
crosses  the  ridge  three  hundred  yards  south  of  the  Chambers- 
burg  turnpike.  The  Theological  Seminary  Q  is  located  on 
the  crest  between  these  twro  roads. 

Between  Cemetery  and  Seminary  ridges  runs  diagonally 
an  intermediate  crest,  on  which  is  the  Emmettsburg  road  L. 
It  commences  in  front  of  and  near  Cemetery  Hill,  and  is  lost 
in  Seminary  Ridge  at  a  distance  of  two  and  a  half  miles. 
Cemetery  Ridge,  on  which  lay  the  Union  army,  and  Seminary 
Ridge,  on  which  the  Confederates  were  posted,  with  this  inter 
mediate  ridge  (called  by  some  historians  Sickles'  Ridge, 
because  a  portion  of  General  SICKLES'  corps  on  the  second  day 
was  engaged  here),  formed,  looking  from  the  north,  an  inverted 
letter  N  ;  looking  from  the  position  which  the  artist  occu 
pied,  the  three  ridges  form  the  letter  Z-  On  this  inter 
mediate  ridge  are  several  points  of  interest.  Midway  between 
the  town  X  and  the  intersection  of  the  ridge  with  Seminary 
Ridge,  is  a  small  brick  house,  known  as  Cordora's  house  K. 
It  marks  the  place  at  which,  on  July  1st,  REYNOLDS'  1st  corps 
left  the  Emmettsburg  road,  and  moved  diagonally  across  to 
Seminary  Ridge.  It  was  the  scene  of  severe  fighting  between 
portions  of  GIBBON'S  Union  and  ANDERSON'S  Confederate  troops, 
on  July  2d,  and  around  it  surged  the  masses  of  PICKETT'S 


LOCAL   POINTS  OF  INTEREST.  ^5 

division  in  their  advance  on  the  Union  lines  on  July  3d.  Five 
hundred  yards  to  the  left  of  this  is  an  apple  orchard  J,  near  a 
farm-house  occupied  by  General  HUMPHREYS'  as  head-quarters 
on  July  2d.  Further  on  is  another  brick  house  and  a  peach 
orchard  H,  the  property  of  a  Mr.  Sherfey.  Some  of  the  most 
severe  fighting  of  the  battle  took  place  here.  Along  this  ridge, 
from  near  Cordora's  house  K  to  the  peach  orchard  H.  and 
thence  refused  through  the  wheat-field  G  to  Devil's  Den  E, 
the  line  of  battle  of  the  3d  corps,  General  SICKLES,  was 
posted  on  July  2d.  Major-General  HUMPHREYS'  division  formed 
the  right  of  the  line,  and  extended  along  the  ridge  nearly  to 
the  peach  orchard.  Major-General  BIRNEY'S  division  held  the 
line  from  the  right  of  the  peach  orchard  to  Devil's  Den.  During 
the  afternoon  of  July  2d,  CALDWELL'S  division  of  the  2d  corps, 
and  two  brigades  of  BARNES'  division  of  the  5th  corps,  besides 
two  brigades  of  AYRES'  division  of  the  5th  corps,  and  M'CAND- 
LESS'S  brigade  of  the  5th  corps,  were  at  times  engaged  along 
the  left  of  the  same  line.  This  intermediate  ridge  was  also 
occupied  on  July  3d  by  a  large  force  of  Confederate  artillery. 

In  the  distance  of  the  picture  is  seen  the  line  of  South 
Mountain. 


HAVING  thus  carefully  studied  the  painting  with  the  aid  of 
the  Key,  the  reader  will  have  before  him  the  topography  of  the 
entire  field  of  operations,  save  those  on  the  right,  and  will  be 
able  to  understand  the  events  of  each  action. 

"  Up  from  the  south,  at  break  of  day,"  on  June  30th,  BU 
FORD'S  cavalry  advanced  by  the  'Emmettsburg  road  L,  and  pass 
ing  through  Gettysburg,  at  noon  moved  out  on  the  Chambers- 
burg  turnpike  R,  and  bivouacked  for  the  night  beyond  the 
western  slope  of  Seminary  Ilidge,  covering  his  front  from  the 
Fairfield  road  P  on  his  left,  along  Oak  Hill  U  to  the  Harrisburg 
road  on  his  right.  On  the  same  day  LEE'S  corps  were  advancing 
by  the  Chambersburg,  Carlisle,  and  York  roads,  to  concentrate 
at  Gettysburg.  Their  advanced  troops  encountered  BUFORD'S 
cavalry  early  on  the  morning  of  July  1st;  the  first  gun164  of 
the  Confederates,  posted  at  Heir's  tavern  on  the  Chambersburg 
road,  being  responded  to  by  TIDBALLS'  battery  A,  2d  U.  S.94 
on  McPherson's  Ridge,  and  the  battle  commenced.  BUFORD'S 
troops  held  the  Confederates  in  check  until  the  1st  corps, 
commanded  by  Major-General  DOUBLED  AY  (General  REYNOLDS 
commanded  the  right  wing  of  the  army,  though  personally 
accompanying  the  1st  corps),  advancing  by  the  Emmettsburg 
road  L,  debouched  at  Cordova's  house  K,  and  rapidly  crossing 
the  fields,  took  up  a  line  of  battle  near  the  Seminary  Q, 
beyond  Seminary  Ridge.  At  a  later  period  in  the  day,  the  llth 
corps  advanced  likewise  from  the  south,  leaving  one  division 
under  General  SiEiNWEim,120  as  a  reserve,  on  Cemetery  Hill  Z ; 
the  two  remaining  divisions,  under  Generals  BARLOW  and 


ENGAGEMENT  OF  FIRST  AND  ELEVENTH  CORPS.  ^7 

SCHIMMELPHENNIG,  took  up  a  position  immediately  north  of  the 
town  X.  In  the  woods,  to  the  left  and  front  of  the  Seminary 
Q,  General  REYNOLDS  fell.  The  locality  has  since  been  called 
Reynolds'  Grove  0.  Major-General  HOWARD  now  assumed 
command  of  the  field,  and  General  SCHURZ  of  the  llth  corps. 
From  their  positions,  these  two  small  corps  were  driven,  after 
several  hours'  severe  fighting,  by  the  corps  of  HILL  and  EWELL, 
who  outnumbered  them  largely.  They  retired  through  the  town 
X  in  some  confusion,  large  numbers  being  captured  during  the 
retreat,  but  were  finally  rallied  on  Cemetery  Hill.  They  were 
soon  after  re-enforced  by  the  12th  and  3d  corps,  and  during 
the  night  and  next  day  the  Army  of  the  Potomac  was  brought 
into  position  along  Cemetery  Ridge,  its  right  extending  to 
Gulp's  Hill,  while  the  Confederate  army  was  drawn  up  along 
Seminary  Ridge,  and  in  and  to  the  northeast  of  the  town. 


of  %  fattlt 


THE  morning  of  July  2d  was  occupied  by  the  enemy  in 
reconnoissance,  in  which  he  sought  the  weak  point  of  the  Union 
line.  General  SICKLES  advanced  his  corps,  and  occupied  the 
intermediate  ridge  along  which  runs  the  Emmettsburg  road  L. 
His  line  extended  from  near  Cordora's  house  K  through  the 
apple  orchard  J  to  the  peach  orchard  H,  where  turning  and 
leaving  the  ridge  it  was  refused  through  the  wheat-field  G  by 
the  Devil's  Den  E  to  the  foot  of  Round  Top.  Against  the 
left  of  this  line  HOOD'S  division  of  LONGSTREET'S  corps  was  hurled 
about  four  o'clock  on  the  afternoon  of  July  2d.  Its  right  passed 
beyond  the  left  of  the  line,  and  advancing  up  the  ravine,  was 
checked  by  VINCENT'S  brigade  of  the  5th  corps  only  after  reach 
ing  Vincent's  Spur  C.  Generals  VINCENT  and  WEED  fell  in 
this  desperate  struggle. 

McLAWs'  division  followed  immediately  on  the  left  of  HOOD'S, 
and  with  HOOD'S  left  brigades,  encountered  the  Union  troops  in 
and  near  the  wheat-field  G.  CALDWELL'S  division,  of  the  2d 
corps,  and  TILTON'S  and  SWEITZER'S  brigades,  of  BARNES'  divi 
sion,  of  the  5th  corps,  were  sent  to  General  BIENEY'S  assist 
ance,  and  were  closely  engaged  on  his  front  ;  and  subsequently 
General  AYRES,  of  the  5th  corps,  with  his  two  brigades  of  regu 
lars,  advanced  to  their  support.  But  the  line  having  been 
pierced  at  the  peach  orchard  H,  the  wrhole  force  was  taken  in 
flank,  routed,  and  forced  from  the  position,  followed  by  the 
Confederate  troops  ;  they  were  checked,  however,  by  a  heavy 
musketry  fire  from  MCCANDLESS'S  brigade,  of  Pennsylvania 
Reserves,  posted  on  the  northern  slope  of  Little  Round  Top  B, 


ENGAGEMENT  ON  THE  LEFT-CENTER  AND  RIGHT.  19 

and  fell  back  to  the  wheat-field  G,  followed  by  the  "  Reserves,1' 
supported  by  NEVINS'  brigade  of  the  6th  corps.  In  the  mean 
time  BARKSDALE'S  brigade  supported  by  WOFFORD'S  brigade,  both 
of  McLAWs'  division,  had  attacked  and  carried  the  salient  at 
the  peach-orchard  H,  thus  cutting  SICKLES'  line  in  twain. 
HUMPHREYS'  division  was  attacked  on  its  left  and  front  by 
BARKSDALE'S  brigade,  followed  by  WILCOX'  and  WRIGHT'S  brigades 
of  ANDERSON'S  division,  and  BIRNEY'S  division  on  its  right  by 
McLAw's  division,  and  though  re-enforced  by  the  troops  from  the 
2d  and  5th  corps,  as  before  mentioned,  the  whole  line  was  forced 
back  to  Cemetery  Ridge,  where  the  Confederates  were  repulsed 
by  troops  from  the  2d  and  3d  corps  (and  McCANDLiss's  brigade 
on  the  left,  as  before  mentioned),  and  held  until  ROBINSON'S  and 
DOUBLEDAY'S  divisions  of  the  1st  corps  and  LOCKWOOD'S  brigade 
of  the  12th  corps  had  been  rapidly  formed  in  prolongation  of 
HANCOCK'S  line,  presenting  a  barrier  which  the  Confederates 
hesitated  to  attack. 

General  SICKLES  was  severely  wounded,  losing  a  leg  near 
the  wheat-field  G,  and  the  casualties  among  brigade  command 
ers  were  unusually  heavy:  General  ZooK58and  Colonels  CROSS52 
and  WiLLApj)4S~a  were  killed.  Colonel  BROOKE56  was  wounded; 
and  General  GRAHAM  was  wounded  near  the  peach-orchard  H, 
and  taken  prisoner.  The  action  ended  on  the  left  at  dusk,  with 
an  indefinite  advantage  for  the  Confederates.  As  the  day 
closed,  two  other  attacks  of  no  mean  proportions  were  made 
on  the  Union  line.  One  on  East  Cemetery  Hill  defended  by 
several  batteries,  supported  by  AMES'  division  of  the  llth 
corps.  HAYES'  and  HOKE'S  brigades  of  EARLY'S  division 
attacked  this  position  with  the  greatest  fury,  capturing 
WIEDRICK'S  battery,  and  spiking  two  of  RICKETT'S  guns.  But 
were  soon  afterward  driven  off  by  CARROLL'S  brigade  and 
other  troops  hurried  to  the  scene.  At  nearly  the  same  time 
JOHNSON'S  division  advanced  upon  the  Union  line  at  Gulp's  Hill, 


2Q  GETTYSBURG — DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

which  had  been  held  by  GEARY'S  and  RUGER'S  divisions,  and 
LOCKWOOD'S  brigade  of  the  12th  corps,  the  whole  covered  by 
fine  intrenchments.  When  the  3d  corps  was  driven  in  on  the 
left,  and  fears  were  felt  for  the  safety  of  the  main  line,  General 
MEADE  directed  General  SLOCUM,  commanding  the  right  wing, 
to  detach  a  portion  of  the  12th  corps  not  yet  engaged,  and 
send  it  to  that  point.  General  WILLIAMS  commanding  the 
corps,  moved  at  once  with  his  own  division,  temporarily  com 
manded  by  General  RUGER,  and  LOCKWOOD'S  brigade,  and  sub 
sequently  sent  for  two  brigades  of  GEARY'S  division,  thus  leav 
ing  GREENE'S  brigade  alone  to  hold  a  line  intended  to  be 
defended  by  a  whole  corps.  They  had  hardly  left  their  works 
when  JOHNSON'S  division  advanced  to  the  attack.  The  position 
was  stoutly  defended  by  General  GREENE'S  brigade,  re-enforced 
by  a  few  troops  from  the  1st  and  llth  corps,  and  against 
no  portion  of  his  line  did  JOHNSON  make  any  headway,  but 
veering  to  his  left  he  discovered  and  occupied  the  tenantless 
works  just  vacated ;  although  the  darkness,  which  had  now 
come  on,  prevented  him  from  knowing  the  full  value  of  his 
success.  He  had  obtained  a  foot-hold  immediately  in  the  rear 
of  the  main  line  of  battle  of  the  Union  army,  and  within 
a  few  hundred  yards  of  General  MEADE'S  head-quarters,  at 
which  all  the  corps  commanders  were  in  council,  with  no 
troops  intervening. 

During  the  night  the  position  of  SICKLES  was  occupied  by 
General  LEE  with  both  artillery  and  infantry.  Still  the  main 
line  of  the  Union  army  had  nowhere  been  penetrated  during 
the  day,  except  at  Gulp's  Hill. 


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THE  first  hours  of  dawn  on  July  3d  were  devoted  to  driving 
EWELL  from  the  works  seized  by  him  on  Gulp's  Hill,  which  was 
accomplished  after  a  heavy  cannonade  by  the  artillery,  followed 
by  severe  fighting  on  the  part  of  the  12th  corps,  re-enforced  by 
General  SHALER'S  brigade  of  the  6th  corps,  which  lasted  several 
hours.  RUGER'S  division,  consisting  of  McDouGALi/s  and  COL- 
GROVE'S  brigades,  which  with  LOCKWOOD'S  independent  brigade, 
and  CANDY'S  and  KANE'S  brigades,  of  GEARY'S  division,  had  re 
turned  during  the  night ;  the  latter  brigade  in  time  to  partici 
pate  at  the  close  of  the  engagement. 

From  this  time  until  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  there  was 
no  general  fighting.  General  LEE  was  preparing  for  the  grand 
assault  on  which  he  based  his  hopes  of  carrying  the  Union 
position,  and  severing  the  Union  army,  sweep  it  from  the  field. 
The  Confederates  lay  mainly  along  Seminary  Ridge,  HOOD'S 
division  holding  the  right  wing"  being  advanced  to  the  woods 
in  front  of  Round  Top  D.  LAW'S  13°  and  ANDERSON'S  127  brigades 
had  moved  on  the  3d  to  the  extreme  right  to  watch  KILPAT- 
RICK'S  cavalry,47  with  which  they  wrere  engaged  late  in  the 
afternoon,  beyond  and  in  front  of  Round  Top  D.b  HOOD'S  line 
consisted  of  LAw's,130c  ROBERTSON'S/^  ANDERSON' s,12Te  and  BEN- 
NING'S  12S/  brigades.  General  HOOD  wras  wounded  on  the  after- 

a.  LONGSTREET'S  report. 

1.  Verbal  statement  of  General  HOOD. — Verbal  statement  of  the  officers  of  the 
loth  Alabama  regiment. 

c.  LAW'S  brigade,!^  4th,  loth,  44th,  47th,  and  48th  Alabama. 

d.  ROBERTSON'S  brigade,^  1st,  4th,  and  51st  Texas,  and  3d  Arkansas. 

e.  ANDERSON'S  brigade,i27  7th,  8th,  9th,  llth,  and  59th  Georgia. 
/.  BENXING'S  brigade,^  2d,  loth,  17th,  and  20th  Georgia. 


92  GETTYSBURG -DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

noon  of  the  2d,  and  his  division  was  commanded  on  the  3d 
by  General  HOBERTSON.  McLAWS*  division  on  his  left,  extended 
northward  across  the  country  road  leading  from  the  Emmetts- 
burg  road  at  the  peach  orchard  H,  westerly  toward  Fairfield." 

His  line  Consisted  of  KERSHAW'S,1296  BARKSDALE'S,133CWOFFORD'S,132^ 

and  SEMMES'ISI*  brigades.  On  McLAWs'  left  was  ANDERSON'S 
division,  consisting  of  WiLCOx',135/  PERRY's,187*  WRIGHT'S,^ 
PosEY's,143*  and  MAHONE's145^  brigades ;  the  two  former  in  an 
advanced  position,  under  orders  to  cover  the  right  of  the 
assaulting  column ;  the  others  remained  behind  the  crest  of 
Seminary  Ridge. 

General  PICKETT'S  division  of  LOXGSTREET'S  corps  arrived  in 
the  field  on  the  morning  of  July  3d,*  and,  not  having  been 
previously  engaged,  was  selected  to  form  the  right  wing  of  the 
assaulting  column/  the  left  being  composed  of  troops  from 
HILL'S  corps.  PICKETT'S  division  consisted  of  three  brigades  of 
Virginia  troops,  under  Generals  KEMPER,143  m  GARNETT,150  w  and 
ARMiSTEAD.1530  The  two  first  named  formed  the  front  line ; 
ARMISTEAD  held  the  second. l  HETH'S  division  of  HILL'S  corps, 
commanded  by  General  PETTIGREW/  formed  the  left  wing. 
ARCHER'S  1COJ>  brigade,  of  Tennessee  and  Alabama  troops,  com- 

a.  Statement  of  General  WOFFORD. 

~b.  KERSHAW'S  brigade,129  2d,  3d,  7th,  8th,  and  15th  South  Carolina. 

c.  BARKSDALE'S  brigade,138  13th,  17th,  18th,  and  21st  Mississippi. 

d.  "WOFFORD'S  brigade,132  16th,  18th,  and  24th  regiments,  COBB'S  legion,    and 
PHILLIPS'  legion,  Georgia. 

e.  SEMMES'  brigade,131  10th,  50th,  51st,  and  53d  Georgia. 

/.  WILCOX'  brigade,135  8th,  9th,  10th,  llth,  and  14th  Alabama. 

g.  PERRY'S  brigade,13"  2d,  5th,  and  8th.  Florida. 

h.  WRIGHT'S  brigade,151  2d,  3d,  22d,  48th,  and  2d  battalion,  Georgia. 

i.  POSEY'S  brigade,14^  12th,  IGth,  19th,  and  48th  Mississippi. 

j.  MAHOXE'S  brigade,145  6th,  12th,  16th,  41st,  and  61st  Virginia. 

&.  Statement  of  Colonel  HARRISON,  General  PICKETT'S  adjutant-general. 

Z.  LOXGSTREET'S  report. 

m,  KEMPER'S  brigade,143  1st,  3d,  7th,  llth,  and  24th  Virginia. 

n.  GAENETT'S  brigade,  8th,  ]8th,  19th,  28th,  and  56th  Virginia. 

o.  ARMISTEAD'S  brigade,  9th,  14th,  38th,  53d,  and  57th  Virginia. 

p.  ARCHER'S  brigade,1^  ist?  7th,  and  14th  Tennessee,  5th  and  13th  Alabama. 


FORMATION  FOR   THE   ASSAULT.  23 

manded  by  Colonel  FRYE,  held  its  right,  and  joined  on  GAR- 
NETT'S  left.  BROCKENBOROUGH'S  Virginia  brigade/72  a  held  the 
left  of  PETTIGREW'S  command,  while  his  own  brigade  of  North 
Carolinians/556  commanded  on  this  occasion  by  Colonel  MAR 
SHALL,  was  on  the  right-center, and  DAVIS'S  Mississippi  brigade,1690 
on  the  left-center.  These  troops  formed  the  first  line  of  the 
left  wing  of  the  assaulting  column.  The  second  line,  com 
manded  by  Major-General  TRIMBLE,  formed  in  rear  of  PETTI 
GREW'S  right/  SCALES'  North  Carolina  brigade/50 *  commanded 
by  Colonel  LOURANCE,  held  its  right/  and  LANE'S  North  Caro 
lina  brigade/61  ff  the  left. 

THOMAS'S  North  and  McGowAN's  South  Carolina  brigades, 
of  FENDER'S  division,  HILL'S  corps,  had  been  advanced  the 
night  before  to  a  narrow  road  leading  from  the  town  to  Bliss' 
buildings  N/  and  being  covered  by  the  intermediate  ridge, 
and  in  a  favorable  position  to  protect  the  left  wing  of  the 
assaulting  column,  remained  there,  with  THOMAS'S  brigade 1GS* 
on  the  right,  and  McGowAN's  brigade/71  j  commanded  by 
Colonel  PERRIN,  on  the  left.  On  the  latter's  left,  nearer 
town,  was  PCAMSEUR'S  brigade mk  of  North  Carolina  troops, 
and,  in  succession,  the  other  brigades  of  RODES'  division. 

a.  BROCKEXBOROUGH'S  brigade,172  40th,  47th,  and  55th,  and  22d  battalion, 
Virginia. 

Z>.  PETTIGREW'S  brigade,^  nth,  26th,  47th,  and  52d  North  Carolina. 

c.  DAVIS'S  brigade,  2d,  llth,  and  42d  Mississippi,  and  55th  North  Carolina.    (A 
large  number  of  the  2d  and  42d  were  taken  prisoners  at  the  railroad  cut  S,  on 
the  first  day.) 

d.  LOXGSTREET'S  report. 

e.  SCALES'  (LOURAXCE'S)  brigade,156  13th,  16th,  22d,  34th,  and  38th  N.  Carolina. 

f.  Report  of  SCALE'S  brigade. 

g.  LANE'S   report.     LANE'S  brigade,16?  7th,  18th,   28th,  33d,  and  37th  North 
Carolina. 

h.  Burned  by  order  of  General  HATS  just  previous  to  the  cannonade.  HAYS' 
report. 

i.  THOMAS'S  brigade,1^  14th,  35th,  45th,  and  49th  Georgia. 

j.  McGowAN's  brigade,171  1st,  12th,  13th,  14th,  and  ORE'S  Rifles,  South 
Carolina. 

Jc.  RAMSEUR'S  brigade,  2d,  4th,  14th,  and  30th  North  Carolina. 


24  GETTYSBURG—  DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

The  massing  of  the  artillery  to  cover  the  grand  assault  was 
on  a  no  less  formidable  scale.  Guns  were  placed  on  every 
available  position  ;  which  are  indicated  in  the  painting  by  puffs 
of  smoke  seen  along  Seminary  Ridge  to  Oak  Hill  U?  and  in  the 
key  by  the  usual  figures."  HENRY'S  battalion  of  artillery134'* 
held  the  Confederate  right,  represented  in  the  painting  over 
and  beyond  the  peach  orchard  H.  On  his  left  was  ALEXANDER'S 
battalion/360  at  and  in  rear  of  the  peach  orchard.  On  the 
left  of  ALEXANDER  was  ESHLEMAN'S  battalion  imd  (the  Wash 
ington  artillery  of  New  Orleans).  Next  came  BEARING'S 
battalion.1406  The  two  last  named  were  within  close  range  of 
the  Union  lines,  and  their  fire  proved  very  destructive.  They 
are  represented  in  the  painting  on  the  intermediate  ridge 
between  Cordora's  house  K,  and  the  apple  orchard  J.  On  the 
left  of  BEARING'S  was  CABELL'S  battalion/447  which  on  the 
painting  is  seen  beyond  and  in  range  of  the  copse  of  trees  M. 
POAGUE'S  battalion  ugff  was  placed  next  in  the  line,  and  in  suc 

cession      GARNETT'S/52  h     PEGRAM'S/57*     LANE's/5S'a  j     and 


a.  The  batteries  in  the  subjoined  reference  have  been  arranged  from  the  reports 
of  the  several  battalion  commanders,  and  if  any  have  been  omitted,  it  may  arise 
from  the  fact  that  they  were  not  written  for  publication. 

Z>.  HENRY'S  battalion  134  was  composed  of  REILLY'S  and  LATHAM'S  batteries 
(and  probably  others,  though  not  mentioned  in  Major  HENRY'S  report). 

c.  ALEXANDER'S     battalion,136    composed    of    MOODY'S,    TAYLOR'S,    RHETT'S, 
PARKER'S,  JORDAN'S,  and  WOOLFOLK'S  batteries. 

d.  ESHLEMAN'S  battalion  139  was  composed  of  MILLER'S,  XORCOM'S,  and  RICHARD- 
BON'S  batteries. 

e.  DEARING'S  battalion  14°  was  composed  of  STRIBLING'S,   MILLER'S,   MACON'S, 
CASKIE'S,  and  BLOUT'S  batteries. 

f.  CABELL'S  battalion  144  was  composed  of  FRAZER'S,    MANLY'S,   MCCARTHY'S, 
and  CARLTON'S  batteries. 

g.  POAGTTE'S  battalion  149  comprised  VOZATT'S,  GRAHAM'S,  WARD'S,  and  BROOKS' 
batteries. 

h.  GARNETT'S  battalion.152  MAURIN'S  and  LEWIS'S  batteries  are  the  only  ones 
mentioned  by  name  in  Lieutenant-Colonel  GARNETT'S  report,  though  he  speaks  of 
nine  rifled  guns  being  in  position  under  Major  RICHARDSON. 

i.  PEGRAM'S  battalion,  15?  comprising  MANYE'S,  BRANDER'S,  ZIMMERMAN'S,  and 
McGRAw's  batteries. 

j.  LANE'S  battalion  15S-a  was  composed  of  Ross's,  WINGFIELD'S,  and  PATTERSON'S 
batteries, 


U,  {viuF  livujC 


ARRANGEMENT    OF   ARTILLERY.  25 

TOSH'S  159  a  battalions,  and  HAPp's,161  SMITH'S.162  WATSON'S,ICS  and 
CUNNINGHAM'S  16:j  batteries  of  D ANA'S  l  battalion,  which  filled  the 
line  to  the  railroad  S.  On  Oak  Hill  1)  Lieutenant-General  A.  P. 
HILL,  caused  to  be  planted  two  Armstrong  guns,  of  RICE'S  bat 
tery,  MclNTOSii's  battalion,  which  during  the  battle  distributed 
their  bolts  from  Cemetery  Hill  Z  to  Round  Top  D.  In  this  line 
the  Confederates  had  nearly  150  guns.c  Holding  the  periphery 
of  the  circle,  they  were  enabled  by  a  concentration  of  fire  upon 
any  one  point  to  bring  thrice  as  many  guns  to  bear  upon  it  as 
could  be  used  in  reply.  As  it  was,  the  Confederate  line  actual 
ly  held  nearly  twice  as  many  guns  as  were  in  the  Union  line, 
which  mounted  only  about  100  pieces/  all  that  could  be  placed 
in  position. 

THE  CANNONADE. 

It  was  not  until  one  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  that  the  dread 
ful  preparations  for  the  attack  were  completed ;  but  at  that 
hour  at  a  given  signal  the  preliminary  bombardment  intended 
to  cover  the  assault  was  opened.6  This  cannonading  from 
nearly  250  guns  continued  uninterruptedly  for  two  hours. 


a.  McIxTOSii's  battalion1-"9  was  composed  of  Pace's,  JOHNSON'S,  and  HART'S 
batteries.  In  HART'S  were  two  Armstrong  guns.1"0 

J.  DANA'S  battalion,  comprising  GRAHAM'S,  DANA'S  (Lieutenant  CUNNINGHAM 
commanding),  WATSON'S,  1C3  S.MiTii's,162  and  HAPP'S  batteries.161 

c.  Report  of  General  PENDLETON,  Confederate  chief  of  artillery,  corroborated 
by  reports  of  each  artillery  battalion  commander. 

d.  The  report  of  General  HUNT,  chief  of  the  Union  artillery,  gives  seventy-five 
guns  on   the   western   crest  of  Cemetery  Ridge,  without  enumerating  those    on 
Cemetery  Hill  Z-     ^lajor  OSBORNE'S  report,  chief  of  the  eleventh  corps  artillery, 
places  in  position  on  the  hill  the  batteries  of  TAFT,  5th  New  York  (Independent) ; 
DILGER,   I,   1st  Ohio;   BANCROFT,   G,  4th   United    States;  EAKIN,  H,    1st   United 
States;   WHEELER,   13th  New  York  (Independent);  HILL,    C,    1st  Virginia;    and 
Captain  EDGELL,    1st  New    Hampshire,   reports   his   battery  there.      Several  of 
these  batteries  suffered  severely  during  the  two  previous  days,   having  guns  dis 
abled,  and  others  may  not  have  been  engaged  all  the  time ;  but  I  think  twenty- 
five  guns  a  fair  estimate,  which  would  increase  the  number  to  one  hundred. 

e.  PENDLETON'S  report. 


9(3  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

During  this  terrible  duel  the  Union  troops  crouched  behind 
their  rude  breastworks,  and  such  other  slight  cover  as  they 
could  find  behind  outcropping  rocks  and  the  undulations  of  the 
surface  tightly  grasping  the  musket  on  which  they  knew  they 
must  finally  depend.  Many  caissons a  and  limbers  of  artil 
lery  were  exploded  on  both  sides,  and  many,  very  many 
casualties  occurred,  but  the  destruction  of  life  was  not  as  great 
as  might  naturally  be  expected  from  such  a  fearful  bombard 
ment,  which  has  never  before  been  equaled  on  this  continent, 
if  in  the  world. 

THE    CHARGE    AND    REPULSE. 

Finally,  at  three  o'clock,  P.  M.,  the  cannonade  ended,  and 
the  order  was  given  for  the  grand  assault.  PICKETT  and  PET- 
TIGREW  advanced  simultaneously,  followed  by  TRIMBLE'S  com 
mand.  The  gallant  conduct  of  the  Confederate  troops  during 
this  celebrated  attack  has  universally  received  the  highest 
praise  from  the  Union  commanders.6  PICKETT'S  Virginia 
troops  were  fresh  in  the  field,  and  much  better  protected  in 
their  advance  by  the  undulations  of  the  surface  than  those  of 
PETTIGREW  on  his  left,  while  PETTIGREW  and  TRIMBLE'S  commands, 
the  first  to  break,0  had  suffered  the  demoralizing  disadvan 
tage  of  having  lost  fearfully  in  the  first  day's  battle.  It  is  not 
strange  that  they  broke  before  reaching  the  Union  lines  ;  the 
great  wonder  is  that  they  succeeded  in  advancing  as  far  as 
they  did. 

The  advance  of  more  than  1,300  yards  was  not  distin 
guished  by  that  dash  and  enthusiasm  which  usually  character 
ises  an  infantry  charge.  Slowly  but  determinedly d  they 

a.  See  McGiLVEY's  brigade,26  on  the  painting. 

I.  HANCOCK'S,  HUNT'S,  HAYS',  GIBBONS',  WEBB'S,  NEWTON'S,  STANNAED'S,  and 
other  reports. 

c.  LONGSTREET'S  report.  d.  Union  reports. 


THE  ASSAULT  AND  REPULSE.  27 

moved  forward,  notwithstanding  each  man  knew  every  step 
brought  him  nearer  "  the  jaws  of  death."  For  the  first  half 
of  the  distance  a  deathly  silence  reigned,  save  an  occasional 
shot  from  some  gunner  who  was  not  impressed  with  the  awful 
solemnity  of  the  scene.  It  was  not  until  half  across  the  plain'1 
that  they  encountered  the  fire  of  the  Union  artillery,  but 
against  which,  as  a  man  presses  against  a  blinding  storm,  they 
moved  steadily  on  as  if  impelled  by  a  will  greater  than  their 
own,  some  mighty,  unseen  power  which  they  could  not  resist. 
Solid  shot  plowed  through  their  ranks,  spherical-case  rattled 
in  their  midst,  and  canister  swept  them  by  hundreds  from  the 
field.  Yet  on  they  pressed  unflinchingly. 

Presently  the  Union  infantry  opened,  and  for  a  moment 
they  staggered,  halted,  and  returned  the  fire,  and  then  with  a 
wild  '"yell"  they  dashed  on  to  their  dreadful  doom.  The  left 
of  the  column  crossed  the  Emmettsburg  road  not  more  than  180 
yards  from  the  Union  line.  This  road  was  inclosed  by  two 
stout,  high  "  post  and  rail "  fences,  which  tended  materially  to 
break  the  line,&  but  notwithstanding  this  serious  obstruction, 
and  the  destructive  fire  to  which  they  were  exposed,  the 
attacking  forces  still  advanced,  delivering  a  rapid  and  deadly 
discharge  of  musketry  as  they  moved.  But  no  troops  could 
resist  the  fearful  fire  which  opposed  them.  They  could  not 
reach  the  wall  and  live.  The  left  wing  was  the  first  to  break. 
It  was  exposed  to  a  raking  flank  fire  of  canister,  and  a  heavy 
front0  and  flank  fire  of  musketry. d  Many  fled  in  confu 
sion  to  the  rear,  losing  as  heavily  in  their  retreat  as  their  ad 
vance,  being  followed  nearly  to  the  Emmettsburg  road  by 
the  enthusiastic  regiments  on  the  right  of  HAYS'  division. 

a.  Reports   of  General  DAYIS,  ARCHER'S  brigade,  PETTIGREW'S  brigade,  PEN- 
DEE'S  division. 

b.  Eeport  of  AKCHER'S  brigade. 

c.  Report  of  General  HATS. 

d.  Report  of  PETTIGREW'S  and  LANE'S  brigades. 


28  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

Others  forced  to  their  right,  by  the  terrible  fire  on  their 
lefta — united  with  the  right  wing  still  advancing,6  and  finally 
joined  it  in  its  attack  on  WEBB'S  front,  while  thousands  threw 
down  their  arms  and  came  quietly  in  as  prisoners,  where  they 
had  vainly  tried  to  go  as  victors.  The  right  wing  was  partially 
covered  in  its  advance  by  Cordora's  house  K,  and  several 
rocky  knolls  covered  with  low  scrub-oak  growth,  behind  which 
the  troops  re-formed,  and  finally  advanced  on  WEBB'S  line.c  His 
center  was  broken  and  his  guns  captured,  but  the  captors 
soon  found  themselves  captives.  All  who  crossed  the  wall  in 
WEBB'S  front  remained  either  dead,  dying,  or  prisoners.  The 
Union  troops  by  a  simultaneous  attack  closed  in  upon  the 
assaulting  column,  and  captured  all  \vho  did  not  seek  safety  in 
flight/  Thousands  threw  themselves  on  the  ground  for  protec 
tion  from  the  terrible  fire  which  hemmed  them  in,  or  held  up 

a.  Report  of  Colonel  SAWYER,  8th  Ohio  volunteers. 

b.  Report  of  General  HANCOCK. 

c.  Reports  of  HANCOCK,  HUNT,  GIBBON,  WEBB,  HABEOW,  etc.   See  WEBB'S  letter. 

d.  Considerable  effort  has  been  made  to  discover  who  first  ordered  a  flank  at 
tack,  but  it  will  probably  be  shown  that  the  necessity  for  it  was  apparent  to  every 
military  mind,  and  that  the  startling  exigencies  of  the  emergency  prompted  them 
to  its  execution.     General  HANCOCK  in  his  official  report  says:  "Passing  at  this 
time,  Colonel    DETEBEUX,  commanding  the  19th  Massachusetts  volunteers,  anxious 
to  be  in  the  right  place,  applied  to  me  for  permission  to  move  his  regiment  to 
the  right  and  front,  where  the  line  had  been  broken.     I  granted  it,  and  his  regi 
ment  and  Colonel  MALLON'S  42d  New  York  volunteers  on  his  right  proceeded  there 
at  once."     In  the  winter  of  1863,  while  visiting  the  army,  I  was  told  by  the  com 
manding  officer  of  the  19th  Maine  volunteers,  that  General  GIBBON  was  wounded 
while  directing  that  regiment  to  wheel  out  of  line  to  give  a  flank  fire  (it  subse 
quently  retired  from  its  right,  and  attacked  the  enemy  in  connection  with  the  19th 
Massachusetts  and  42d  New  York).     I  have  in  my  possession  a  private  letter  from 
Lt.  W.  E.  BAEEOWS  of  Colonel  II ALL'S  staff,  bearing  on  its  face  unmistakable  evidence 
of  truth,  stating  that  Colonel  HALL  sent  him  to  General  XEWTON  with  a  request 
for  troops  to  put  in  on  the  enemy's  flank.     General  HANCOCK  in  his  report  speaks 
of  having  sent  an  order  to  General  STANNAED  to  throw  two  of  his  regiments  on  the 
enemy's  right,  while  it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  General  STANNAED  directed  the 
same  movement  before  receiving  the  order.     Subsequently  Major  MITCHELL,  of 
General  HANCOCK'S  staff,  issued  a  similar  order  on  his  own  responsibility,  in  his 
chiefs  name,  and  was  surprised  a  moment  after  to  see  General  HANCOCK  lying 
wounded  on  the  ground  before  him.     Thus  it  will  be  seen  that  proof  is  conclusive 
that  tbe  same  happy  thought  originated  simultaneously  in  several  minds. 


WILCOX'    ATTACK.  29 

their  hands  in  token  of  surrender."  By  four  o'clock  the 
repulse  was  complete  and  the  victory  won.  General  ANDER 
SON  14J  ordered  up  WRIGHT'S  brigade151  to  attack  as  a  relief 
to  PICKETT,  but  General  LONGSTREET  141  directed  him  to  stop 
the  movement,  remarking  "  that  it  was  useless  and  would 
only  involve  unnecessary  loss,  the  assault  having  failed." & 
General  LONGSTREET  then  ordered  General  WRIGHT,  with  all 
his  officers  and  a  portion  of  his  own  staff,  to  rally  and  col 
lect  the  scattered  troops  behind  ANDERSON'S  division.^  In 
the  assault  General  GARNETT  15°  had  been  killed,  General 
AiiMiSTEAD/46  and  it  was  thought  General  KEMPER,143  were 
mortally  wounded ;  Generals  TRIMBLE  15S  and  PETTiGREW,155 
commanding  divisions,  Colonels  FEYE,  MARSHALL,  and  LOUR- 
ANCE,  brigade  commanders,  and  thousands  of  others  lay  bleed 
ing  on  the  field.  Color-bearers  and  color-guards  had  fallen, 
and  twenty-seven  of  their  blood-stained  flags  remained  in  the 
hands  of  the  victors.0 

General  WILCOX'  command185'181  continued  to  advance  on 
PICKETT'S  right,  and  as  he  passed  BEARING'S  artillery  ]4°  and 
saw  nothing  of  PICKETT:S  column,  which  had  been  literally 
obliterated,  he  supposed  it  had  pierced  the  Union  lines,  now 
enveloped  in  smoke,  and  passed  over  the  crest."*  Soon  he 
learned  his  mistake.  His  men  finding  themselves  the  center 
of  a  cross-fire  of  artillery  from  the  flanks,1' 26' 59' 122  *  and  a 
front  fire  of  musketry  from  the  14th  Vermont  volunteers,50 
dashed  madly  forward,  and  with  the  instinct  of  old  soldiers 

a.  General  HANCOCK'S  report. 
I.  General  LONGSTREET'S  report. 

c.  General  HANCOCK  in  his  report  says :   "  Each  division  has  been  credited  with 
the  number  of  flags  actually  turned  in,  and  for  which  receipts  are  held,  making 
the  aggregate  twenty-seven.    There  were  undoubtedly  thirty-three  colors  captured, 
the  balance  having  been  secreted  as  individual  trophies." 

d.  Report  of  Generals  LONGSTREET   and  WILCOX,   with  a  verbal  explanation 
from  each  of  them. 

e.  See  General  WILCOX'  report. 


30  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE    KEY. 

sought  the  cover  of  a  rocky  ravine  filled  with  trees  and 
undergrowth.  The  16th  Vermont  volunteers63  moved  down 
this  ravine,  supported  by  four  companies  of  the  14th  Vermont,50 
and  attacking  WILCOX  in  flank,  captured  a  large  part  of  his 
command,  particularly  from  the  Florida  brigade,  while  the  re 
mainder  fell  back.  This  was  the  closing  scene  of  the  most 
daring  military  movement  recorded  in  modern  warfare. 


rtiott  of  \t    Jaintht. 


IT  is  the  exciting  scene  of  the  repulse  which  the  proprietor 
has  chosen  for  illustration,  and  which  Mr.  WALKER  has  so  accu 
rately  and  graphically  represented.  A  word  of  explanation  is 
here  due  the  artist  who  has  executed  this  painting.  It  differs 
materially  from  ordinary  scenes  of  this  kind.  Usually,  the 
painter,  having  a  few  leading  incidents  of  a  battle  in  his  mind, 
clothes  the  picture  with  the  mystery  of  color  and  effect,  and 
gives  an  imaginary,  rather  than  a  literal  rendition  of  the  sub 
ject.  But,  in  the  production  of  this  picture,  Mr.  WALKER  has 
endeavored  to  weave  into  an  harmonious  whole,  the  prominent 
incidents  and  episodes  of  this  portion  of  the  battle,  and  has 
never  resorted  to  fiction,  when  truth  would  do  as  well.  No 
stretch  of  the  imagination  has  been  indulged  in.  The  material 
for  its  composition  has  been  furnished  him  by  me  and  arranged 
under  my  direction,  and  should  any  mistakes  have  been  made, 
they  are  mine  ;  not  his.a  The  artistic  rendering  of  the  subject 
is  due  to  the  genius  of  Mr.  WALKER  ;  that  the  execution  is 
highly  artistic,  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  effect  has  been  sacrificed 
in  many  instances  to  accuracy,  the  ablest  art  critics  have 
acknowledged. 

It  was  the  earnest  desire  and  purpose  of  the  proprietor  of 
this  painting  to  avoid  the  stereotyped  style  of  battle  pictures 


a.  Allow  me  to  say  to  the  reader  that  I  shall  esteem  it  a  favor  if  any  participant 
in  the  battle  will  point  out  to  me  any  error  in  the  position  of  the  troops,  or  in  the 
accompanying  description  of  their  movements  ;  that  the  former  may  be  corrected 
on  the  EXGEAYIXG,  and  the  latter  in  the  text  before  the  publication  of  my  history 
of  the  battle ;  as  it  is  my  earnest  desire  to  publish  a  strictly  accurate  account  of 
the  engagement. 


32  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

taught  us  in  our  earliest  school-books  arid  other  illustrated 
works,  arid  kept  up  during  the  war  by  the  illustrated  papers, 
and  not  unfrequently  indulged  in  even  now  by  some  would-be 
battle-scene  painters  of  the  present  day.  Such  pictures  and 
paintings,  in  which  giants  in  stature  struggle  in  fierce  hand-to- 
hand  conflicts,  bayoneting,  or  dashing  each  other's  brains  out, 
rwy  possibly  resemble  the  conflicts  of  the  middle  ages ;  certain 
ly  they  do  not  illustrate  the  general  features  of  modern  battles. 

Isolated  instances  of  men  beiiio;  bayoneted  may  have  occurred, 

•/  */ 

— there  is  only  one  which  now  occurs  to  me  (that  of  the  death 
of  Colonel  JEFFERS,  of  the  Fourth  Michigan  volunteers,  bayo 
neted  while  defending  his  colors  against  the  attack  of  WOF- 
FORD'S  brigade,  on  the  evening  of  July  2)  on  record,  in  the  re 
ports  of  the  battle  of  Gettysburg  ;  but  such  rare  occurrences 
do  not  form  an  entire  battle,  and  no  artist  is  warranted  in  thus 
educating  the  public  into  a  false  idea  of  modern  battles.  My 
purpose  has  been  to  present  a  truthful  representation  of  an 
American  battle,  with  American  soldiers  contending,  as  they 
did  actually  contend. 

It  was  also  my  desire  that  the  troops  of  no  one  State  should 
receive  any  undue  prominence ;  and,  in  the  painting,  all  are 
represented  with  equal  fairness.  When  General  LEE  called  for 
troops  to  storm  the  heights  of  Gettysburg,  the  sons  of  Virginia, 
North  Carolina,  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama, 
Mississippi,  Tennessee,  Arkansas,  and  Texas,  responded,  and 
moved  shoulder  to  shoulder  to  the  assault.  And,  when  the  na 
tion's  life  was  thus  assailed,  her  defenders  from  every  Northern 
State  sprang  to  the  rescue ;  and  mingled  their  blood  in  one  com 
mon  cause.  Side  by  side,  New  York  and  Massachusetts  charged 
on  the  foe ;  the  sons  of  Maine  and  Minnesota,  Connecticut  and 
Pennsylvania,  New  Jersey  and  Delaware,  New  Hampshire  and 
Vermont,  Ohio  and  Michigan,  Rhode  Island  and  Maryland, 
Illinois  and  Wisconsin,  Indiana  and  West- Virginia,  together 


FOREGROUND  OF  THE  PAINTING.  33 

rushed  to  the  threatened  point.  In  a  word,  the  sons  of  every 
Union-loving  State,  and  of  every  European  liberty-loving  na 
tionality,  rallied  under  the  banner,  and  are  equally  entitled  to 
representation  in  this  great  National  Painting  of  the  culmina 
ting  struggle  at  Gettysburg. 

The  success  of  the  effort  I  respectfully  submit  to  the  vet 
erans  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac. 

In  the  selection  of  a  foreground  for  this  painting,  I  chose 
the  point  of  station  from  which  to  best  represent  this  scene ; 
and,  also,  to  give  the  best  portrait  of  the  field  in  such  a  clear 
manner,  that  the  brave  men  who  fought  on  the  several  days  of 
the  battle  might  point  out  the  localities  of  their  various  en 
gagements.  The  observer  is  supposed  to  be  elevated  in  rear  of 
Cemetery  Ridge,  and  looking  westward  toward  the  Confeder 
ate  position. 

In  the  immediate  foreground  of  the  painting  are  represented 
the  colors  of  WEBB'S  85a  and  HALL'S  805  brigades,  with  the  color- 
guard  and  head-quarters  horses. 

The  group  at  the  immediate  left  is  formed  of  the  figures 
of  Brigadier-General  ARMISTEAD  146  and  Lieutenant-Colonel 
MARTIN,147  of  the  Confederate  army,  Captain  BiNGHAM,75 
judge-advocate,  on  Major-General  HANCOCK'S  staff,  and  the 
men  who  have  been  bearing  the  wounded  general  to  the  rear. 
General  ARMISTEAD  was  among  the  first  to  leap  the  stone  wall 
at  the  Union  line.84  As  he  did  so,  he  drew  his  sword,  placed 
his  hat  upon  its  point,  raised  it  aloft  and  cried,  "  Boys, 
we  must  use  the  cold  steel ;  who  will  follow  me  ?"  Lieutenant- 
Colonel  MARTIN  of  the  53d  Virginia  and  a  few  score  of  men 

a.  69th/s  71st,  S9  72d,&3  and  106th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.  The  latter 
regiment,  except  one  company,  was  ordered  to  report  to  Major- General  HOWARD, 
at  the  Cemetery,  on  the  night  of  the  2d,  where  it  remained  until  the  close  of  the 
battle. 

&.  7th  Michigan, 69  19th  and  20th  Massachusetts, 71,  cs  42(1  and  59th  New  York 
volunteers.  "3,  67 
3 


34  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

sprang  after  him  over  the  wall.  They  advanced  but  a  few  paces 
wheil  they  were  shot  down ;  ARMISTEAD  mortally,  and  MARTIN 
seriously  wounded.  General  ARMISTEAD  surrendered  his  sword 
and  pistols  to  Captain  BANES,SS  of  General  WEBB'S  staff,  who 
directed  him  to  be  carried  to  the  rear.  He  was  soon  after  met 
by  Captain  BIXGHAM,  of  General  HANCOCK'S  staff,  just  returning 
from  having  a  wound  dressed  at  the  hospital.  Seeing  the 
prisoner  to  be  an  officer  of  rank,  and  evidently  suffering  and 
nearly  exhausted,  he  proffered  his  assistance.  General 
ARMISTEAD  gave  his  watch  and  spurs  to  Captain  BIXGHAM, 
requesting  him  to  send  them  to  his  friends  through  General 
HANCOCK."  (See  Painting.) 

To  the  right  of  the  central  group  so' S5  is  seen  the  figure 
of  Major-General  GEORGE  G.  MEADE,O°  the  commander-in-chief 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  accompanied  by  his  son,  and  1st 
Lieut.  E.  E.  McKENZiE.6  When  the  assault  began  he  was  at 
Major-General  SLOCUM'S  head-quarters,  on  Power's  Hill,  a  half 
mile  to  the  rear,  near  Gulp's  Hill,  but  reached  this  position  on 
the  field  as  it  was  repulsed. c  Major  MiTCiiELL,86  aid-de-camp 
to  Major-General  HANCOCK,  met  him/z  and  reported  that  officer 

a.  I  learned  the  full  particulars  of  this  assault  from  Lieutenant-Colonel  R.  W. 
MAETIN,  while  he  was  lying  wounded  in  the  hospital  at  Gettysburg,  including  the 
movements  of  General  AEMISTEAD  with  whom  he  advanced  engaged  in  conver 
sation,  from  Seminary  Ridge.  From  Captain  BANES  of  General  WEBB'S  staff,  I 
gathered  the  particulars  of  his  surrender.  Captain  BANES  received  his  sword  and 
pistols  (which  had  not  been  fired),  and  sent  him  to  the  rear  of  the  line,  where  he 
was  met  by  Captain  HENEY  H.  BINGIIAM,  judge-advocate,  on  General  HANCOCK'S 
staff.  From  Captain  BINGIIAM,  I  derived  full  particulars  of  his  interview  with 
General  AEMISTEAD.  After  receiving  the  valuables  which  General  ARMISTEAD 
wished  to  send  to  his  family  and  a  private  message,  he  directed  him  to  be  taken 
to  a  hospital  in  the  rear.  I  subsequently  met  D.  G.  BEINTON,  surgeon,  in  charge 
of  the  2d  division,  llth  corps's  hospital,  who  dressed  his  wrounds.  Doctor  BEIN- 
TON  said  he  was  very  much  depressed  in  spirits,  though  neither  of  his  wounds  were 
mortal ;  one  being  in  the  leg  below  the  knee,  and  the  other,  a  flesh-wound  in  the 
arm.  Notwithstanding  which  he  died  two  days  afterward. 

Z>.  General  WEBB'S  letter,  and  aiso  Major-General  MEADE'S  letter. 

c.  See  Major-General  MEADE'S  letter,  in  the  Appendix. 

d.  Major  MITCHELL'S  letter,  in  the  Appendix. 


HANCOCK  AND  GIBBON.  35 

seriously  wounded.     He  also  bore  a  report  of  the  state  of  the 
enira^ement  from  General  HANCOCK. 

o      O 

General  HANCOCK  was  with  CALDWELL'S  division,23  at  the 
extreme  left  of  his  line,  when  the  cannonade  began.  He  rode 
during  this  terrible  firing  along  his  entire  front  to  WOODRUFF'S 
battery110  on  his  right.  He  knew  with  the  instinct  of  a  true 
soldier  what  was  to  follow  the  bombardment,  and  he  exhorted 
his  officers  and  men  to  be  in  readiness  to  resist  the  grand 
assault.  Returning  toward  the  left,  while  passing  the  right 
of  the  14th  Vermont  volunteers,50  of  STANNARD'S  brigade,  he 
received  a  serious  wound.  He  is  seen49  in  the  painting  falling 
from  his  horse  near  the  left  of  STANNARD'S  works. a  He  was 
caught  in  the  arms  of  Lieutenants  HOOKER  and  BENEDICT,  of 
General  STANDARD'S  staff; &  and  General  STANXARDSI  himself, 
with  admirable  dexterity,  stanched  the  blood  from  the  terrible 
wound  in  the  groin,  or  otherwise  he  would  have  soon  bled  to 
death/  as  the  surgeons  were  of  course  in  the  rear,  and  one  could 
not  for  some  time  be  found.  But  General  HANCOCK  peremp 
torily  refused  to  be  taken  from  the  field  until  the  contest  was 
decided. 

General  GIBBON  was  seriously  wounded  in  the  arm  about 
the  same  time  that  HANCOCK  fell.^  He  was  in  front  of  the 
19th  Maine  volunteers,64  of  HARROW'S  brigade,  when  he  was 
shot,  attempting  to  wheel  those  troops  out  of  the  line  to 
deliver  a  flank  fire  on  PICKETT'S  column.  He  was  taken  from 
the  field  by  Captain  WESSELLS  of  his  staff.41 6 

WEBB'S  brigade  is  represented  immediately  in  advance  of 
General  MEADE.90  It  had  been  in  position  at  the  stone  wall  ^ 
in  its  front,  its  left,  the  69th  Pennsylvania  volunteers,78  rest- 

a.  HANCOCK'S  report.     Spot  located  on  the  field  by  General  HANCOCK. 
J.  STANNARD'S  report. 

c.  Private  letters  of  Lieutenant  BENEDICT  of  General  STANDARD'S  staff. 

d.  GIBBON'S  report. 

e.  Verbal  statement  of  General  GIBBON. 


36  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

ing  opposite  the  copse  of  trees  M,  the  line  extending  to  the 
right  along  the  stone  wall  to  the  angle,91  with  two  companies 
of  the  71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  95  at  a  wall,  which  is  re 
tired  fifty  yards  from  the  right  of  the  advanced  line.  The  72d 
Pennsylvania  volunteers  S8  lay  in  a  second  line  to  the  right  and 
rear  of  the  copse  M.  The  guns  of  CUSHING'S  battery  were  at 
first  in  position  ST  on  the  crest  between  WEBB'S  two  lines,  where 
GUSHING  was  severely  wounded,  but  refused  to  leave  the  field. 
When  PICKETT  advanced,  he  ran  three  of  his  pieces  down  to  the 
wall  where  they  are  seen S2  in  the  painting,  and  with  double 
shotted  guns  swept  his  front  with  canister,  opening  great  gaps 
in  the  ranks  of  the  attacking  lines.  While  directing  their  fire 
he  was  shot  in  the  mouth  and  instantly  killed.  Some  of  his 
men  bore  his  body  to  the  rear,  as  seen  in  the  painting.76 

PICKETT'S  column  after  it  had  been  turned  aside  from  its  at 
tack  on  STANNARD'S  brigade  fell  on  WEBB'S  brigade. 

General  WEBB,  seeing  the  necessity  for  re-enforcements,  had 
meantime  hurried  back  to  the  72d  Pennsylvania  volunteers,83 
in  his  2d  line,  to  bring  them  into  action ;  but  the  Confeder- 
'  ates  had  advanced  with  the  impetuosity  of  the  whirlwind.  In 
a  moment  the  center  of  WEBB'S  front  line,  held  by  a  portion  of 
the  71st  Pennsylvania  Volunteers,89  was  swept  from  its  position 
at  the  wall,84  which  was  instantly  seized  by  the  assailants, 
though  the  blackened  clothes  of  many  of  the  dead  showed  that 
a  portion  at  least  of  the  regiment  had  remained  until  pushed 
from  their  position  by  sheer  force  of  numbers.  The  importance 
of  the  admirable  disposition  of  the  two  right  companies  95  of  the 
71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  was  now  apparent.  From  their 
retired  position,  lying  securely  protected  behind  a  stone  wall 
within  point-blank  range,  they,  with  the  left  of  HAYS'  divi 
sion,99'101'102  opened  a  deadly  cross-fire,  effectually  preventing 
an  approach  upon  their  works.  All  attempts  of  General  WEBB, 
assisted  by  the  remaining  officers  of  the  regiment  and  by  his 


WEBB'S  AND  HALL'S  BRIGADES.  37 

adjutant-general,  Captain  BANES,88  Lieutenant  HASKELL  92  of  Gen 
eral  GIBBON'S  staff,. and  Captain  PARKER  93  of  General  HANCOCK'S 
staff,  to  bring  forward  the  second  line  failed.  Colonel  BAXTER,  of 
the  72d  Pennsylvania,  had  been  badly  wounded  the  previous 
evening,  and  the  regiment  had  suffered  severely  in  officers  and 
men  during  the  cannonade;  they  opened  however  a  heavy  fire 
of  musketry  from  the  crest,  which  contributed  very  materially  to 
the  repulse  of  the  attack.  Failing  to  secure  the  advance  of 
the  72d.  General  WEBB  hurried  again  to  the  69th  Pennsyl 
vania  volunteers,78  which  he  found  still  fighting  manfully,  and 
holding  its  own  on  the  left  although  numbers  of  Confederates 
had  already  gained  the  copse  of  trees  in  their  rear.  This  regi 
ment  lost  heavily  in  officers  and  men,  Colonel  O'KANE  and 
Lieutenant-Colonel  SCHUDY  were  killed  and  Major  DUFFY  was 
wounded. 

Colonel  HALL'S  brigade  is  represented  massing  on  General 
WEBB'S  left ;  its  gallant  leader  can  be  seen  directing  its  move 
ments.77"  It  had  been  formed  on  a  prolongation  of  WEBB'S 
lines,  with  three  regiments  in  the  front  line,  protected  by 
a  slight  work  of  earth  and  rails,  and  two  in  the  second  line, 
on  the  left  of  RORTY'S  battery,45  which  occupied  the  crest, 
BROWN'S  battery43  had  been  in  position  between  HORTY'S  and 
GUSHING' s.876 

As  General  HANCOCK  rode  in  front  of  the  19th  Massachu 
setts,  which,  with  the  42d  New  York  volunteers,  formed  HALL'S 
second  line,  Colonel  DEVEREUX  of  the  former  regiment  went  to 


a.  The  above  account  has  been  abstracted  from  General  WEBB'S  report,  and  a 
private  letter  in  my  possession  written  by  him  to  his  wife  two  days  after  the  bat 
tle,  the  whole  arrangement  Raving  been  made  on  the  canvas,  at  my  request,  by 
General  WEBB,  assisted  by  several  members  of  his  staff;  the  painting  being  finished 
by  his  approval  after  revisiting  the  field  at  Gettysburg. 

l>.  I  have  in  my  possession  a  diagram  drawn  by  Colonel  HALL,  showing  the 
positions  of  his  regiments,  and  previous  to  his  deatli  he  visited  Mr.  WALKER'S 
studio,  and  with  other  officers  of  his  command,  superintended  their  arrangement 
on  the  painting. 


38  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

him  and  asked  permission  to  move  up  and  engage  the  troops 
then  advancing  on  WEBB.  Receiving  permission  to  do  so,a 
these  two  regiments  71>  73  hurried  to  WEBB'S  relief,  as  seen  in  the 
painting,  passing  in  rear  of  the  copse  of  trees  M  ;  and  imme 
diately  afterward  Colonel  HALL  ordered  the  7th  Michigan 69  and 
20th  Massachusetts  6S  to  "  break  from  their  right  to  the  rear  " 
and  move  rapidly  to  the  same  place,  which  was  done  with  re 
markable  promptness,  during  which  Lieutenant-Colonel  STEELE, 
commanding  the  7th  Michigan,  was  killed.  The  59th  New  York 
volunteers 6T  remained  at  the  works  in  the  front  line,6  and 
HARROW'S  brigade,  with  the  20th  New  York  S.  M.,5T  and  the 
151st  Pennsylvania  volunteers54  followed  the  course  of  HALL'S 
regiments,  and  charged  up  to  the  trees,  the  two  latter  regiments 
passing  in  front  of  them.  During  this  movement  regimental 
organizations  were  completely  lost ;  the  colors  were  pushed 
indiscriminately  to  the  front  followed  by  the  enthusiastic 
men/  The  13th  and  16th  Vermont  volunteers,  of  STAXXARD'S 
brigade,  moved  to  their  right,  "  changed  front  forward,"  and 
opened  fire  on  PICKETT'S  right  flank.62' G3- 

HARROW'S  brigade,  composed  of  the  82d  New  York,60  19th 
Maine,64  loth  Massachusetts,61  and  1st  Minnesota  volunteers,60 
occupied  a  position  on  the  left  of  HALL'S  front  line,  with  the 
20th  New  York  S.  M.,57and  the  151st  Pennsylvania  volunteers  54 
(of  the  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  1st  corps,  General  ROWLEY)  on 
its  left ;  in  the  painting  all  of  these  troops  are  seen  moving  up 
to  WEBB'S  support/  The  position  occupied  by  BROWN'S  battery 

a.  General  HANCOCK'S  report.  This  movement  was  fully  explained  on  the  field 
at  Gettysburg,  in  the  summer  of  1869,  by  General  WEBB,  Colonels  DEVEREUX  and 
BAXTER,  Captain  BANES,  and  many  other  officers  of  rank  engaged  in  the  immediate 
vicinity. 

5.  Statement  of  Colonel  HALL. — See  Colonel  MACY'S  letter,  also  report  of  59th 
New  York  volunteers. 

c.  See  reports  of  General  HARROW,  and  also  reports  of  15th  Massachusetts,  1st 
Minnesota  volunteers,  20th  New  York  State  militia,  and  151st  Pennsylvania  volun 
teers. 

d.  Generals  GIBBON'S  and  HARROW'S  reports. 


FLANK  ATTACK  OX  THE  LEFT.  39 

B,  1st  Rhode  Island,48  has  been  vacated/*  but  RORTY'S  battery 

B,  1st  New  York,45   is  represented   at  the   left  and  rear  of 
HARROW'S  brigade.     Still  further  to  the  left  is  THOMAS'S  battery 

C,  4th  U.  S.,2G  and  McGiLVERY's  brigade  of  reserve  artillery26 
(1st   brigade),  composed    of   THOMPSON'S    G   and  F,   Pennsyl 
vania  (independent),  PHILLIPS'  5th  Massachusetts,  HART'S  15th 
New  York  (independent),  STERLING'S  1st  Connecticut,  COOPER'S 
B,  1st  Pennsylvania,   Dow's  6th   Maine,  and  AMES'  G,   New 
York,  batteries/'  while  further  yet  is  the  5th  corps  artillery, 
under  its  chief,  Captain  MARTIN,  of  which  RITTENHOUSE'S  bat 
tery  D,  5th  U.  S.,3T  is  engaged0  on  Little  Round  Top  B.d 

STANNARD'S  brigade  is  represented  immediately  over  and  in 
front  of  HARROW'S  brigade,  and  at  right  angles  to  it;  the  right 
of  its  line,  the  13th  Vermont  volunteers,6'2  has  ceased  firing  to 
allow  prisoners  to  pass  to  the  rear.  It  had  been  in  position 
fifty  yards  in  advance  of  HARROW'S  left,  and  lay  along  a  slight 
earth-work  with  one  regiment50  to  the  left  of  the  clump  of 
trees,  where  it  remained  when  the  others  moved.  The  right  of 
LONGSTREET'S  column  of  attack  was  aimed  toward  this  brigade, 
and  continued  to  advance  until  it  reached  the  flat  ground  in 
its  front,  when  receiving  a  sweeping  flank  fire  from  McGiL- 
VERY'S  brigade  of  artillery,26  e  and  possibly  discovering  the 
formidable  front  presented  by  STANNARD'S  brigade,  supported 
by  the  balance  of  DOUBLEDAY'S  division10  in  its  rear,  it 
veered  off  to  the  Union  right,  and  advanced  upon  WEBB'S 
brigade/  Immediately  STANNARD'S  whole  brigade  rose  from 


a.  Captain  HAZARD'S  report. 

5.  General  HUNT'S  and  Major  McGiLVERY's  reports. 

c.  General  HUNT'S  and  Captain  MARTIN'S  reports. 

d.  Lieutenant  HAZLETT,  commander  of  this  battery,  was  killed  the  evening 
before. 

e.  Major    MCGILVERY'S  report;    report  of  SCALE'S  brigade;    General  LANE'S 
report. 

/.  General   XEWTON'S  report;    General   STANDARD'S  report;    Colonel   GATES' 
report  (20th  New  York  State  militia). 


40  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

its  works  and  poured  a  murderous  fire  upon  PICKETT'S  right 
flank.0 

ARNOLD'S  battery  A,  1st  Rhode  Island/13  had  been  in 
position  on  the  crest  at  the  right  of  CUSIIING'S  battery  A,  4th 
U.  S.,87  but  having  been  seriously  disabled,  it  is  represented113 
retiring  from  the  field,  drawn  off  by  the  men.& 

On  the  right  of  this  battery  lay  HAYS'  command,  3d  division, 
2d  corps.  The  2d  brigade,  SMYTH'S,  composed  of  the  14th 
Connecticut,"  1st  Delaware,101  12th  New  Jersey,102  and  108th 
New  York  volunteers,108  was  at  the  stone  wall;  and  the  10th 
New  York  volunteers  acting  as  provost  guard ;  and  to  its 
right  was  the  3d  brigade,  SIIERRILL'S,C  composed  of  the 
125th,102-a  lllth,105-a  126th,105  and  39th  New  York  volun 
teers,106  with  its  left  overlapping  SMYTH,  and  its  right  extending 
beyond ^  Bryan's  house  W.  General  HAYS,IO°  stripped  to  the 
shirt,  is  seen  bringing  up  and  fighting  his  troops.6  Colonel 
SMYTH104  was  wounded  by  an  exploding  shell,  as  shown  near 
Bryan's  house.  Beyond  the  house  in  the  grove,  Colonel  SHER- 
RiLL109  is  being  borne,  mortally  wounded,  from  the  field/ 

Immediately  in  front  of  HAYS'  division,  and  at  right  angles 
to  it,  is  the  8th  Ohio  volunteers93  of  CARROLL'S  brigade/  It 

a.  "  The  12th  and  15th  Vermont  volunteers  of  this  brigade  wore  detached  at 
Emraettsburg  by  order  of  Major-General  REYNOLDS  to  guard  the  corps  train.  " 
Lieutenant  BENEDICT,  aid-de-camp  to  General  STANNARD. 

&.  General  HUNT'S  and  Captain  HAZARD'S  reports. 

c.  "When   the   battle   commenced    this   brigade   was    commanded   by  Colonel 
WILLAED,  125th  New  York  volunteers,  who  was  killed  on  the  evening  of  the  2d. 
After  the  death  of  Colonel  SHERRILL  it  was  commanded  by  Colonel  MoDoiiGALL, 
lllth  New  York  volunteers,  who  was  wounded,  and  the  command  fell  on  Lieu 
tenant-Colonel  BULL,  126th  New  York  volunteers. 

d.  See  reports  of  General  HAYS',  also  reports  of  lllth  and  126th  New  York 
volunteers. 

e.  Statements  of  Captain  WM.  C.  SAVILLE  of  Colonel  SMYTH'S  staff. 

/.  General  HAYS'  report  and  verbal  statements  of  subordinate  officers. 

g,  1st  brigade,  3d  division,  2d  corps,  composed  of  the  4th  and  8th  Ohio,  7th 
Virginia  (Union),  and  14th  Indiana  volunteers.  Colonel  CARROLL  was  ordered  to 
report  to  Major-General  HOWARD  on  the  evening  of  the  2d  with  three  regiments, 
where  he  remained  until  the  close  of  the  battle. 


FLANK  ATTACK  ON  THE  RIGHT.  4]_ 

had  been  on  the  skirmish  line  with  its  reserves  on  the  Ein- 
mettsburg  road.  When  PETTIGREW  advanced  on  its  left,  Colonel 
SAWYER,  instead  of  foiling  back,  "  changed  front  forward  on 
left  company,"  and  opened  fire." 

WOODRUFF'S  battery  I,  IstU.  S.,110  was  engaged  in  the  grove 
at  the  right  of  Bryan's  house  W.  Its  commander,  after  having 
won  the  encomiums  of  his  superiors  for  the  gallantry  and 
efficiency  with  which  he  served  his  guns,  was,  at  the  moment 
of  victory/  stricken  down111  in  death. 

On  the  right,  General  ROBINSON  114  is  seen  moving  his  com 
mand,  2d  division,  2d  corps,  up  to  the  support  of  General  HAYS,C 
Colonel  COULTER'S  brigade 112  d  having  the  advance,  followed  by 
General  BAXTER'S  brigade. 117e  General  HOWARD119  ordered  this 
movement  to  be  covered  by  SMITH'S  brigade,115-7*  which  opened 
a  brisk  fire  of  musketry. 


At  the  same  time  the  skirmish  line  of  General  SCHURZ'S 


120-a 


division  (3d),  llth  corps,  nobly  engaged  the  sharp-shooters  of 
HODES'  division  in  the  edge  of  the  town/ 

The  artillery  on  Cemetery  Hill  Z,  under  Major  OsBORNE,122 
chief  of  artillery  of  the  llth  corps,  is  seen  on  the  right  of  the 
picture,  pouring  volleys  of  canister  into  the  flank  of  the  assault 
ing  column/4 


a.  Reports  of  Colonel  SAWYER,  8tli  Ohio  volunteers,  and  General  LANE,  North 
Carolina  brigade.  See  Appendix. 

1.  Captain  HAZARD'S  report.     See  Appendix. 

c.  See  General  NEWTON'S  report. 

d.  1st  brigade,  COULTER'S,  was  composed  of  the  107th  Pennsylvania,  94th  and 
104th  New  York,  IGth  Maine,  and  13th  Massachusetts  volunteers. 

e.  2d  brigade,  BAXTER'S,  was  composed  of  the   97th  and  83d  New  York,  12th 
Massachusetts,  and  88th  and  90th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.    Positions  and  explana 
tions  given  by  Generals  Romxsox  and  COULTER,  on  the  field  at  Gettysburg. 

f.  2d  brigade,  2d  division,  llth  corps,115  composed  of  the  55th  and  73d  Ohio, 
130th  Now  York,  and  33d  Massachusetts  volunteers,  of  STEIXWEIIR'S  12°  (2<1)  divi 
sion,  llth  corps.  The  33d  Massachusetts  volunteers  were  detached  from  the  bri 
gade,  and  were  in  position  on  the  right  of  the  corps. 

g.  Reports  of  General  SCHURZ  and  General  RODES. 

h.  Reports  of  Generals  HOWARD  and  STEINWELIR,  and  Major  OSBORXE. 


42  GETTYSBURG—DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

Prominent  in  the  right  foreground  is  WHEELER'S  New  York 
battery,107  which  is  going  to  the  front,  two  guns  having  already 
opened/1 

A  large  number  of  prisoners  are  seen174  coming  in  imme 
diately  on  WHEELER'S  right,6  beyond  which  two  guns  of  WIER'S 
battery125  C,  5th  U.  S.,  under  Sergeant  TREVOR,  are  going 
into  position.0 

Colonel  MORGAN,116  chief  of  General  HANCOCK'S  staff,  has 
brought  up  MARTIN'S118  (F,  5th  U.  S.)  and  BUTLER'S  124  (G,  2d 
U.  S.)  regular  batteries  from  the  6th  corps  artillery/ 

Colonel  ToMPKiNS,121  chief  of  the  6th  corps  artillery, 
with  the  remaining  batteries  led  by  MCCARTNEY'S  Massa 
chusetts,123  is  on  the  Taneytown  road  Y  (at  the  right  of 
the  painting),  directing  the  relief  of  batteries  on  Cemetery 
Hill/ 

Captain  HAZARD,70  chief  of  the  2d  corps  artillery,  the 
mounted  officer  in  the  center  of  the  left  foreground,  is  direct 
ing  Captain  COWAN  6o  where  to  place  the  battery 59  which  he 
has  brought  up  to  his  assistance. 

The  spirited  figure  going  to  the  front  beyond  Lieutenant 
Cushing,76  is  Captain  FARRELL,U  Company  C,  1st  Minnesota 
volunteers.  He  commanded  the  division  provost-guard  which 
had  been  deployed  in  rear  of  the  line.  When  the  front  lino 
was  penetrated  he  assembled  his  men  (those  wearing  hats 7-' 
in  rear  of  WEBB'S  and  HALL'S  brigades),  and  led  them  into  the 
breach.  He  was  killed,  and  a  large  proportion  of  his  men 
were  killed  or  wounded/ 

To  the  left  of  General  WEBBSI  is  seen  General  HUNT,™ 
chief  of  artillery  of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac.  His  horse 

a.  See  General  WEBB'S  report.  J.  See  General  MEADE'S  letter. 

c.  See  General  HUNT'S  report.    Statement  of  General  WEBB  and  Captain  HAZAED. 

d.  See  Colonel  MORGAN'S  letter.    Statement  of  Lieutenant  BUTLER. 

e.  Statement  of  Colonel  TOMPKIXS.     See  Colonel  MORGAN'S  letter. 
/.  Colonel  COLVILLE'S  letter. 


LEFT  FOREGROUND.  43 

was  killed  at  that  point ;  and,  after  extricating  himself,  he  went 
into  the  engagement  with  his  revolvers." 

In  the  left  foreground  of  the  painting,  COWAN'S  New  York 
(independent)  battery59  is  represented  going  into  position,  to 
the  left  of  which  is  BROWN'S  battery,  B,  1st  Hhode  Island,486 
coming  out,  having  exhausted  its  ammunition. 

Immediately  over  this  is  the  figure  of  General  GIBBON  ,41 
passing  wounded  to  the  rear,  one  of  his  staff-officers  is  seen 
conveying  the  division  colors5  to  General  HARROW.80 

At  the  extreme  left,  FITZHUGH'S  battery,  K,  1st  New  York, 
is  going  to  the  front/ and  over  and  beyond  this,  Major-General 
BiRNEY,3  commanding  3d  corps,  and  Brigadier-General  WARD/ 
commanding  his  1st  division,  are  represented.  In  their  rear 
are  three  regiments0  (the  3d  Maine,  20th  Indiana,  and  99th 
Pennsylvania)  of  WARD'S  brigade,  sent  to  the  support  of 
General  WEBB/  Colonel  BERDAN,T  their  brigade  commander,  is 
moving  up  in  their  front/  The  infantry  represented  on  this 
part  of  the  field,  was  held  in  reserve,  and  was  not  actively 
engaged  in  the  repulse  of  the  assaulting  columns,  though  it 
suffered  severely  from  the  cannonade. 

Major-General  NEWTON,]O  commanding  1st  corps,  and  Ma 
jor-General  DouBLEDAY,10  commanding  his  3d  division,  with 
their  staff-officers,  are  immediately  beyond  General  BIRNEY.S 


a.  I  visited  the  field  with  General  HUXT,  and  at  my  request,  he  pointed  out 
the  spot  where  his  horse  was  shot.      See  Captain  COWAX'S  letter. 
l>.  General  HUNT'S  and  Captain  HAZAED'S  reports. 

c.  Statement  of  General  GIBUOX. 

d.  FITZIIOGII'S  report. 

e.  Major-General  BIRNEY'S  letter  : — • 

"Three  of  my  regiments— 3d  Maine,  99th  Pennsylvania,  and  20th  Indiana  volunteers— were  sent  to 
support  General  WKUH.     General  J.  II.  HOHAKT  WAKI>  commanded  my  1st  division,  and  Colonels  II.  J. 
M.UMLL,  II.  BKUDAX,  and  EEGIS  DK  TIIOBRIAND,  commanded  his  three  brigades. 
Signed  D.  B.  BIRNEY, 

Major-General  commanding  3d  corps." 

/.  2d  brigade,  1st  division,  3d  corps— 3d  and  4th  Maine,  20th  Indiana,  80th  and 
124th  New  York,  and  99th  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  and  the  1st  and  2(1  regiments 
U.  S.  sharp-shooters. 


44  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

The  brigade  commanders  of  this  division  are  in  the  vicinity. a 
Brigadier-General  RowLEY,11  of  the  1st  brigade,5  is  repre 
sented  to  their  right;  and  over  him,  Colonel  DANA/  com 
mand  the  2d  brigade;0  while  to  the  right  and  front  of 
ROWLEY  is  General  HARROW  and  staff,8  1st  brigade,  2d  divi- 

'  O  " 

sion,  2d  corps,  to  whom  the  colors  of  the  2d  division  are  being 
borne.5 

On  the  next  ridge  beyond  and  to  the  left  of  Colonel  DANA/ 
are  Colonels  DE  TROBRIAND  and  MADILL,IS  commanding  the 
3d d  and  lste  brigades,  1st  division,  3d  corps.  Moving  up 
in  the  rear  of  these  troops  is  PARSONS'  battery,  A,  19"a  1st  New 
Jersey,  which,  with  K,  1st  New  York,1  were  brought  up  by 
Captain  FITZHUGH/ 

Further  to  the  left,  and  near  the  extreme  left  of  the  paint 
ing,  Brigadier-General  EusTis12  has  just  moved  up  with  his 
command ;  2d  brigade/  3d  division,  6th  corps. 

Beyond,  and  to  the  left  of  EUSTIS,  is  General  SIIALELIU 
with  the  1st  brigade/1  3d  division,  6th  corps/ 

To  the  right  of  SiiALEii/4  and  on  the  same  parallel,  is 
Brigadier-General  CARu/9'b  and  his  staff,  commanding  1st  bri 
gade/  2d  division,  3d  corps. 

Immediately  beyond  CARR  is  his  superior  officer,  Major- 
General  HUMPHREYS/0  commanding  2d  division,  3d  corps.  Of 
General  HUMPHREYS'  other  brigade  commanders,  Colonel  BREW- 

a.  For  a  detailed  account  of  the  formation  of  this  part  of  the  line,  see  General 
NEWTON'S  report.  The  1st  division,  1st  corps,  General  WADSWOKTII,  was  on  Gulp's 
Hill,  and  is  not  seen  on  this  painting. 

I.  121st,  142d,  and  151st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  and  the  20th  New  York  S.  M.5~ 

c.  143d,  149th,  and  150th  Pennsylvania  volunteers. 

d.  3d  and  5th  Michigan,  17th  Maine,  40th  New  York,  and  110th  Pennsylvania.^ 

e.  57th,  63d,  68th,  105th,  and  141st  Pennsylvania  volunteers.13 

f.  PARSONS'  and  FITZIIUGH'S  reports. 

g.  2d  Rhode  Island,  7th,  10th,  and  37th  Massachusetts  volunteers. 12 
li.   65th,  67th,  and  122d  New  York,  23d  and  82d  Pennsylvania  volunteers.14 
i.  See  General  SEDGWICK'S  report. 

j.  1st,  llth,  and  16th  Massachusetts,  llth  New  Jersey,  12th  New  Hampshire. 
and  26th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.19'1* 


POSITION  OP  TROOPS  ON  THE  LEFT.  45 

STEii,21  commanding  2d  brigade,"  is  seen  immediately  to  the 
right,  while  Colonel  BuRLiNG,19  commanding  3d  brigade/  is  to 
the  left  and  on  the  next  ridge.0 

Directly  to  the  right  of  BuRLiNG,19  and  in  front  of  the  grove, 
is  represented  Brigadier-General  CALDWELL,28  commanding  1st 
division,  2d  corps,  with  his  four  brigade  commanders  :  Colonels 
FiiAZER,22  3d  brigade;*  McKEEXE,27  1st  brigade/  KELLY, 26'a  2d 
brigade/  and  BROOKE,28  4th  brigade.17  Major  McGiLVERY, 
commanding  1st  brigade  artillery  reserve,  is  with  the  artil 
lery20  at  CALDWELL'S  right,  and  in  the  open  field  beyond  are 
shown,  from  left  to  right,  Brigadier-General  ToRBERT,24  1st 
brigade/'  1st  division,  6th  corps,  and  Brigadier-General 
WRIGHT,25  1st  division,  6th  corps,  with  their  staff  officers. 
Immediately  to  the  right  of  these  groups,  and  in  front  of  the 
grove,  is  Brigadier-General  BARNES,31  commanding  1st  division, 


a.  1st,  2d,  3d,  4th,  and  5th  Excelsior,  and  120th  New  York  volunteers.21 
I.  2d  New  Hampshire,  5th,  6th,  7th,  and  8th  New  Jersey,  and  115th  Pennsyl 
vania  volunteers.19 

c.  Extract  from  General  HUMPHREYS'  report : — 

"My  division  was  moved  rapidly  to  the  right  and  formed  in  mass  (20)  in  rear  and  support  of  the  left  of 
the  2d  corps  (CALDWELL'S  division).  (23)  *  *  *  Several  batteries  being  in  position  in  rny  front."  (26) 

Extract  from  private  letter: — 

"  I  have  placed  the  position  of  each  of  my  brigades  in  pencil  on  the  map — that  is  the  position  they  occu 
pied  on  the  afternoon  of  July  3.  My  first  brigade  was  commanded  by  Brigadier-General  J.  B.  CARR(19-b). 
My  second  by  Colonel  WILLIAM  R.  BREWSTER  (21),  and  my  third  by  Colonel  GEORGE  C.  BURLIXG  (19). 

"A.  A.  HUMPHREYS,  Major-General  United  States  Volunteers, 

"  Commanding  second  division,  third  corps." 

d.  52d,  57th,  and  66th  New  York,  and  140th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.22 

e.  5th  New  Hampshire,  61st  New  York,  81st  and  148th  Pennsylvania  volun 
teers.2" 

/.  28th  Massachusetts,  63d,  69th,  and  88th  New  York  (consolidated),  and  the 
116th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.26^ 

g.  2d  Delaware,  27th  Connecticut,  64th  New  York,  53d  and  145th  Pennsylvania 
volunteers.2^ 

The  positions  of  CALDWELL'S  four  brigades  were  given  me  by  each  of 
its  brigade  commanders,  corroborated  by  General  CALDWELL  while  visiting  the 
Army  of  the  Potomac.  The  three  last  lay  at  the  works  between  the  guns  of 
McGiLVERY's  artillery;  29  the  other  (Colonel  FRAZER'S)  22  ]ay  behind  an  old  stone 
wall  in  the  second  line.  The  whole  arrangement  was  subsequently  pointed  out 
and  explained  to  me  on  the  field  by  Colonel  BROOKE. 23 

h.  1st,  2d,  3d,  and  15th  New  Jersey  volunteers.24 


46  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

5th  corps ;  Colonel  SwEiTZEii;31  commanding  his  2d  brigade,"1 
and  Colonel  RiCE,81  commanding  his  3d  brigade/  A  half  mile 
to  the  right  of  these,  near  the  wheat-field  G,  lay  McCANDLESs's 
brigade,53  c  of  CRAWFORD'S  division,  of  Pennsylvania  He- 
serves,  3d  division,  5th  corps ;  while  midway  between,  and  in 
front  of  Little  Round  Top  B,  was  Brigadier-General  "\Vni-: ATON's85 
head-quarters,  3d  division,  6th  corps,  with  Brigadier-General 
BAETLETT's88^  and  Colonel  KEVINS' 40e  brigades  of  his  divi 
sion.  The  formation  of  the  ground  did  not  admit  of  repre 
senting  on  the  painting  the  head-quarters  and  troops  of  these 
commands,  or  those  to  the  left  of  this  part  of  the  line;  but 
their  locality  is  indicated  on  the  Key.  The  line  from  this  point 
was  continuous  to  the  summit  of  Hound  Top  D,  passing  over 
Little  Round  Top  B.  From  there  it  was  refused  to  the  left 
nearly  a  mile,  crossing  the  Taneytown  road  A,  and  may  be 
indicated  on  the  painting  by  the  line  of  forest  to  the  left  of 
Round  Top.  The  head-quarters  of  Major  General  SvKKS,29  com 
manding  5th  corps,  and  Major-General  SEDGWiCK,29  command 
ing  the  6th  corps,  were  together29  in  rear  of  the  posterior  slope 
of  Little  Round  Top  B,  and  beyond  the  grove,  which  separated 
them  from  General  TORBERT'S  head-quarters .24/  Brigadier- 
General  AriiES,82  commanding  2d  division,  5th  corps,  held 
Little  Round  Top  B.  Colonel  GARRARD,36  commanding  his  3d 

a.  4th  Michigan,  62d  Pennsylvania,  9th  and  32<1  Massachusetts  volunteers.31 
The  9th  Massachusetts  was  detached  from  the  brigade  and  lay  on  Round  Top  D. 

1).  16th  Michigan,  44th  New  York,  83d  Pennsylvania,  and  20th  Maine  volun 
teers.31  Colonel  VIXCEXT  had  been  killed  the  evening  previous. 

c.  1st,  2d,  and  6th  regiments  of  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  and  the  1st  Rifles. 
(The  llth   Regiment  of  "Reserves"  was  temporarily  attached  to  this    brigade.) 
Position  pointed   out  on  the  field  by  General  McCAXDLESs,  and  all  of  his  regi 
mental  commanders.     See  General  CRAWFORD'S  report. 

d.  2d  brigade,  composed  of  the  5th  Maine,   121st  New  York,   95th  and  9Gth 
Pennsylvania  volunteers.83 

e.  3d  brigade,  62d  New  York,  93d,  98th,  102d,  and  139th  Pennsylvania  volun 
teers.^ 

f.  Pointed  out  on  the  field  by  Major-General  SYKES,  and  his  adjutant-general, 
Brevet  Brigadier-General  LOCKE. 


POSITION  OF  TROOPS  OX  THE  LEFT.  47 

brigade0  (WEED'S)  had  the  front  line,  while  the  two  brigades  of 
regulars,  the  1st,5  commanded  by  Colonel  DAY,32'*  and  the  2d,c 
by  Colonel  BuRBAXK,S2'b  lay  in  the  second  line/'    In  the  valley  be 
yond  were    two    regiments6  of  Colonel  TILTOX'S    brigade  (1st 
brigade,  1st  division,  5th  corps),  followed  by  two  regiments-7"  of 
Colonel  FISHER'S  brigade  of  Pennsylvania  Reserves,  3d  brigade, 
3d  division,  oth  corps.     Beyond  these  was  the  Ninth  Massa 
chusetts   volunteers/     This   regiment  had   been    deployed   as 
skirmishers  on  the  extreme  right  of  the  army,  on  the  morning 
of  the   second,  and  their  brigade   changed   position  and  they 
became   separated  from  it.     Next,  connecting  on  its  left,  and 
extending  up   Hound    Top    proper,   were    the    two    remaining 
regiments  h  of  TILTOX'S  brigade.89      And  on  their  left,  terminat 
ing  on  the  summit  of  the  mountain,  were  the  two  remaining  re 
giments    of   Colonel    FISHER'S  brigade  of  "Reserves."881'     Two 
6th    corps  brigades  under  General  WEIGHT  formed  the  crotchet 
retiring  from  Round  Top  to  the  left  and  rear  across  the  Taney- 
town    road   A.       Colonel  GRAXT  commanded  the  right,  2d  bri 
gade,3"-    2d  division,  6th    corps,  and    General    PtUSSELL,15    the 
left,  3d  brigade/'  1st   division,  6th  corps/     These  troops  were 
at  no  time  actively  engaged.     This  was  the  extreme  left  of  the 
infantry  force  of  the  army.    BARXES'  battery,  C,16 1st  New  York, 

a.  91st  and  155th  Pennsylvania,  140th  and  146th  New  York  volunteers.3^ 
General  WEED  was  killed  the  day  before.  Colonel  GARRARD'S  report. 

5.   3d,  4th,  6th,  12th,  and  14th  infantry  .32 -a 

c.  2d,  7th,  10th,  llth,  and  17th  infantry  .32-b 

(I.  Explained  on  the  field  by  General  AYRES. 

e.  18th  and  22d  Massachusetts  volunteers.  Positions  pointed  out  on  the  field 
by  Colonel  TII.TOX. 

/  Oth  and  10th  Pennsylvania  "Reserves."     See  General  CRAWFORD'S  report. 

g.  2d  brigade  (SWEITZER'S),  1st  division,  5th  corps. 

h.  118th  Pennsylvania  and  1st  Michigan  volunteers.39 

i.  5th  and  12th  Pennsylvania  "  Reserves."33     CRAWFORD'S  report. 

j.  2d.  3d,  4th,  5th.  and  Oth  Vermont  volunteers.30 

L  5th  Wisconsin,  6th  Maine,  49th  and  119th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.^ 

1.  General  SEDGWICK'S  report.  Verbal  explanation  by  Colonel  GRAXT  and 
General  RUSSELL. 


48  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE    KEY. 

and  MARTIN'S  battery,  C, n  Massachusetts,  were  ordered  on  the 
3d  by  Captain  MARTIN,  chief  of  the  5th  corps  artillery,  to 
report  to  General  WRIGHT,*  and  were  in  position  in  the  rear  of 
Round  Top.  General  KiLpATRiCK,47  with  FARNSWORTH's46a  and 
MERRITT'S^^  brigades  of  cavalry,  accompanied  by  ELDER'S  44  and 
GRAHAM's55  batteries  of  horse-artillery,  were  beyond  arid  to  the 
front  of  Round  Top.  General  OUSTER'S  brigade  was  engaged 
with  General  GREGG'S  division  on  the  right  wing  of  the  army. 

*  There  were  two  brigades  at  this  point.  One  (GEANT'S)  from  HOWE'S  1S  divi 
sion,  and  one  (RUSSELL'S)  from  WEIGHT'S  division.  General  HOWE  remained  with 
the  troops  all  the  time,  though  General  WEIGHT  was  the  ranking  officer,  and  in 
command. 

a,  1st  Vermont,  1st  West  Virginia  (Union),  5th  New  York,  and  18th  Pennsyl 
vania,  and  one  squadron  1st  Ohio  volunteer  cavalry.46  General  FAENSWOETII  made 
a  very  gallant  charge  with  1st  Vermont  and  1st  West  Virginia  cavalry,  during 
which  he  was  killed. 

~b.  1st,  2d,  and  5th  U.  S.  regulars  and  6th  Pennsylvania  cavalry.55  General 
KILPATEICK'S  report.  I  also  spent  several  days  with  this  command  at  Stevens- 
burg,  Va.,  in  the  winter  of  1863-4,  deriving  from  its  officers  the  fullest  details, 
which  fully  corroborated  statements  of  Confederate  officers  given  me  in  the  hospital 
at  Gettysburg. 


(E-omyiler's  ^t 

IT  will  probably  interest  some  who  view  the  painting  of  the 
Battle  of  Gettysburg  now  presented  to  the  public,  to  know  upon 
what  authority  it  has  been  compiled,  and  what  facilities  I  have 
had  which  will  justify  me  in  presuming  to  publish  it  as  an 
historical  representation  of  that  important  battle. 

At  the  commencement  of  the  war  I  determined  to  attach 
myself  to  the  army  and  wait  for  the  great  battle  which  would 
naturally  decide  the  contest ;  study  its  topography  on  the  field/ 
and  learn  its  details  from  the  actors  themselves,  and  eventually 
prepare  its  written  and  illustrated  history.  I  joined  the  army 
for  that  purpose  immediately  after  the  evacuation  of  Yorktown, 
was  with  it  at  Seven  Pines  and  Fair  Oaks,  through  the  seven 
days'  fights,  and  at  Harrison's  Landing  ;  and  before  leaving 
it  I  made  arrangements  with  officers  of  rank  to  give  me  early 
intelligence  of  any  important  movements  looking  to  a  decisive 
engagement.  Gettysburg  was  that  engagement. 

When  I  arrived  at  Gettysburg  the  debris  of  that  great  battle 
lay  scattered  for  miles  around.  Fresh  mounds  of  earth  marked 
the  resting-place  of  the  fallen  thousands,  and  many  of  the  dead 
lay  yet  unburied.  It  therefore  required  no  guide  to  point  out 
the  locality  of  the  battle.  I  determined  to  make  an  isometrical 
drawing  of  the  field. 

As  the  term  field,  when  applied  to  a  battle,  is  generally 
used  figuratively,  and,  by  the  general  reader,  might  be  mis 
understood,  it  is  well  to  consider,  at  the  start,  that  the  battle- 
field  of  Gettysburg  not  only  embraces  within  its  boundaries 
many  fields,  but  forests  as  well,  and  even  the  town  of  Gettys- 


5Q  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

burg  itself  is  included  within  its  limits.  The  formation  of  the 
ground  and  the  positions  of  the  troops  favored  the  plan  of 
sketching  the  field  while  facing  the  wrest.  Consequently  the 
top  of  my  DRAWING  of  it  is  west ;  the  right  hand,  north  ;  the 
left,  south,  etc.  There  w^as  no  point  from  which  the  whole 
field  could  be  sketched,  nor  wrould  such  a  position  have  favored 
this  branch  of  art.  On  the  contrary,  it  was  necessary  to 
sketch  from  every  part  of  it,  combining  the  whole  into  one 
grand  view,  which  accounts  for  the  fact  that  every  participant 
in  that  battle  wTill  readily  discover  on  the  drawing  the  exact 
locality  of  his  engagement,  and  the  movements  of  his  command 
can  be  as  readily  traced. 

Having  located  its  boundaries,  I  commenced  at  the  south 
east  corner,  and  gradually  moving  toward  the  north,  I  looked 
toward  the  west,  and  sketched  the  landscape  carefully,  as  far  as 
the  vision  extended,  including  fields,  forests,  houses,  barns,  hills, 
and  valleys  ;  and  every  object,  however  minute,  which  could 
influence  the  result  of  a  battle.  Thus  I  continued  to  the  north 
east  boundary,  a  distance  of  five  and  a  half  miles.  The  next 
day  I  resumed  my  work  at  the  south,  having  advanced  to  the 
point  where  my  vision  had  been  obstructed  the  preceding  day, 
and  sketched  another  breadth  to  the  north,  as  before ;  and  so 
continued,  day  by  day,  until  I  had  carried  my  drawing  for 
ward  four  and  a  half  miles,  which  included  within  its  limits  the 
town  of  Gettysburg.  When  the  battle-field  had  been  isomctri- 
cally  drawn,  I  sketched  the  distance  and  added  a  sky. 

This  drawing  was  the  result  of  eighty-four  days  spent  on 
the  field  immediately  after  the  battle,  during  which  time  I 
sketched  carefully  the  twenty-five  square  miles  which  it 
represents. 

I  spent  two  months  in  hospital  writing  down  the  statements 
of  Confederate  prisoners,  and  as  they  became  convalescent,  I 
went  over  the  field  with  many  of  their  officers,  wrho  located 


THE   DESIGNER'S  STATEMENT.  5^ 

their  positions  and  explained  the  movements  of  their  commands 
during  the  battle. 

I  then  visited  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  consulted  with  its 
commander-in-chief;  corps,  division,  and  brigade  commanders; 
and  visited  every  regiment  and  battery  engaged  in  the  battle,  to 
whose  officers  the  sketch  of  the  field  was  submitted,  and  they, 
after  careful  consultation,  located  upon  it  the  positions  of  their 
respective  commands. 

From  the  information  thus  obtained,  I  have  traced  the 
movements  of  every  regiment  and  battery  from  the  commencement 
to  the  close  of  the  engagement,  and  have  located  on  the  drawing 
its  most  important  position  for  each  of  the  three  days. 

Since  its  publication  I  issued  an  invitation  to  the  officers  of 
the  Army  of  the  Potomac  to  visit  Gettysburg  with  me,  and  point 
out  their  respective  positions  and  movements,  thus  giving  an 
opportunity  to  the  actors  in  this  great  drama  to  correct  any 
misapprehension,  and  establish,  while  still  fresh  in  memory,  the 
facts  and  details  of  this  most  important  battle  of  the  age.  This 
invitation  was  responded  to  by  over  one  thousand  officers 
engaged  in  the  battle ;  forty-six  of  whom  were  generals 
commanding.  And  it  may  be  interesting  to  those  who  possess 
the  drawing,  to  know  that  but  one  solitary  regiment  was  dis 
covered  to  be  out  of  position  on  it. 

Many  thousand  copies  of  this  work  have  been  sold,  yet  the 
demand  still  continues,  and  orders  are  constantly  coming  in 
from  all  parts  of  the  country.  Though  complete  in  itself,  it  is 
really  but  the  introduction  to  other  works  on  this  battle  yet  to 
be  published,  and  as  a  work  of  reference  will  be  considered 
almost  an  indispensable  companion  to  the  history  of  it. 


52  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

The  Isometrical  Drawing  has  been  published  in  four  different  styles,  and 
will  be  furnished  and  delivered  free  by  mail  at  the  following 


PRICES: 

COLORED  PROOF — On  heavy  plate  paper,  carefully  finished  in  Water- 
Colors,    $15  00 

PROOF — Printed  in  tints,  on  paper  as  above,  with  positions  of  regiments, 

colored,  for  each  day,         .         .         .         .          .         .          .         .1000 

TINTED — Printed  with  one  tint,  on  lighter  paper,          .          .          .          .500 

U^f"  The  above  styles  have  a  sky,  and  are  suitable  to  frame,  all  are  accom 
panied  by  a  key. 
PLAIN — On  lighter  paper,  without  sky,      .         .         .          .         .  83  00 

See  the  following  letters  indorsing  its  accuracy  : 


CAPTURE   OF  THE   8th   LA.    COLORS   BY  LT,  YOUNG,    ADG'T    loyth   OHIO  VOLS. 


f |e  fainting. 

MY  next  step  was  to  commence  the  present  painting.  Mr. 
JAMES  WALKER,  the  artist,  who  has  executed  it,  spent  weeks 
at  Gettysburg,  transcribing  the  portraiture  of  the  field  to  can 
vas,  which  has  been  done  in  the  most  pleasing  and  life-like 
manner.  We  have  received  in  this  matter  the  kindest  support 
and  co-operation  of  the  officers  of  the  army  engaged  on  that 
portion  of  the  field. 

Many  distinguished  general  officers,  on  my  invitation, 
visited  Gettysburg,  and  went  over  the  field  with  us,  and  pointed 
out  all  the  details  of  this  great  turning-point  of  the  Rebellion ; 
each  explaining  the  movements  of  their  several  commands. 
Among  those  present  at  different  times,  were  Generals  MEADE, 
HANCOCK,  GIBBON,  HOWARD,  DOUBLEDAY,  STANNARD,  HUNT,  WAR 
REN,  HUMPHREYS,  GRAHAM.  BURLING,  DE  TROBRIAND,  WISTAE, 
DANA,  WEBB,  BAXTER,  DEVEREUX,  BINGHAM,  NEWTON,  GATES, 
ROBINSON,  COULTER,  CARR,  MCALLISTER,  MADILL,  SYKES,  AYRES, 
CRAWFORD,  TILTON,  SWEITZER,  CHAMBERLAIN,  SLOCUM,  SHALER, 
MEREDITH,  STONE,  LEONARD,  STEINWEHR,  AMSBERG,  FOWLER, 
KANE,  GREENE,  GEARY,  SELFRIDGE,  WILLIAMS,  GREGG,  and 
MARTIN,  together  with  a  large  number  of  field,  line,  and 
staff-officers.  Most  of  these  gentlemen  have  since  kindly 
called  at  Mr.  WALKER'S  studio,  and  aided  the  work  with  their 
advice.  Many  others,  who  were  unable  to  meet  with  us  at 
Gettysburg,  have,  at  considerable  trouble,  visited  the  studio  in 
New  York ;  among  them  Generals  HALL,  HAZARD,  SICKLES, 
WARD,  BREWSTER,  and  BERDAN,  and  General  WILCOX,  Colonel 
HARRISON  (General  PICKETT'S  adjutant-general),  and  Lieutenant- 


THE   PAINTING.  55 

General  LONGSTREET  of  the  Confederate  Army  ;  the  latter  taking 
great  interest  in  the  painting,  and  leaving  me  a  fine  letter  in 
dorsing  its  accuracy.  This  painting  has  been  designed  strictly 
in  conformity  to  the  directions  of  these  gentlemen,  given  on 
the  field  for  that  purpose,  and  from  the  reports  of  the  Con 
federate  commanders,  furnished  to  me  by  the  government. 

This  great  representative  battle-scene  has  not  its  equal  in 
America,  for  correctness  of  design  or  accuracy  of  execution. 
GIBBON'S  and  HAYS'  divisions  and  the  corps  artillery  occupy 
the  immediate  foreground.  It  is  on  a  canvas  7^  x  20  feet,  and 
represents,  not-  only  every  regiment  engaged  at  that  portion 
of  the  field,  but  where  the  formation  of  the  ground  would 
admit,  the  entire  left  wing  is  shown.  It  presents  such  an 
accurate  and  life-like  portrait  of  the  country,  that  on  it  the 
engagements  of  the  first  and  second  days'  operations  can  readily 
be  traced.  No  important  scene  has  been  screened  behind  large 
foreground  figures,  or,  for  the  want  of  a  knowledge  of  the  de 
tails,  hidden  by  convenient  puffs  of  smoke  ;  but  every  feature 
of  this  gigantic  struggle  has,  in  its  proper  place,  been  woven 
into  a  symmetrical  whole. 

THIS  PAINTING  is  intended  for  exhibition,  and  will  be  shown 
in  the  principal  cities  of  the  Union.  A  carefully  reduced  copy 
of  it  has  been  made  by  Mr.  WALKER,  which  will  be  sent  to 
Europe,  from  which  a  first-class  parlor-sized  STEEL  ENGRAVING 
will  be  made. 

PRICES. 

ELECTROTYPE  EDITION,  .         .         .         .         .         $7.50 

PRINT,          .........     15.00 

PLAIN   PROOF  (on  superior  plate  paper),         .          .          25.00 
INDIA    PROOF  (on  fine  India  paper),  from  the  original 

plate  50.00 

ARTIST'S  PROOF, 100.00 

The  latter  Edition  will  be  limited  to  200  copies  for  America  and 
Europe,  which  will  be  carefully  selected,  numbered,  and  signed  by  the 
artist  and  publisher. 


C|e  iistorir  of  ifjc  |httlt 


(ADVERTISEMENT.) 


DURING  my  consultations  with  officers  at  the  front,  as  well  as  on  the  bat 
tle-field,  I  noted  with  great  care  their  conversations,  and  have  books  full  of 
material  thus  rescued  from  oblivion. 

Since  the  publication  of  my  Isomctrical  Dmwiny  of  the  field,  I  have  been 
steadily  engaged  in  collecting  data  for  the  history  of  the  battle.  I  have  received 
thousands  of  letters  relating  to  it,  and  traveled  thousands  of  miles  to  add  to  my 
knowledge  of  it ;  but  during  the  execution  of  I\\Q  painting ^  I  have  been  unable 
to  devote  that  attention  to  its  compilation  which  I  now  hope  to  do.  I  do  not 
regret  that  the  work  has  been  thus  deferred,  as  during  the  past  year  I  had  an 
opportunity  of  revisiting  Gettysburg  with  several  hundred  military  officers,  and 
have  thus  been  able  to  critically  examine  my  material,  and  determine  its  relative 
value.  I  have  now  all  the  official  matter  required.  I  only  regret  that  the 
members  of  some  regiments  and  batteries  have  thus  far  failed  to  furnish  me 
with  detailed  descriptions  of  their  movements,  which  they  will  regret  when  too 
late  to  be  remedied,  as  I  shall  in  all  cases  write  the  description  from  the  data 
I  possess,  and  shall  not  publish  accounts  without  the  written  proof  to  sub 
stantiate  them. 

Those  interested  will  be  pleased  to  learn  that  the  field  at  Gettysburg  has, 
during  the  past  two  seasons,  been  re-surveyed  in  the  most  complete  and 
scientific  manner  by  a  corps  of  United  States  engineers.  From  these  surveys 
a  beautiful  topographical  map  is  now  being  drawn  and  engraved,  copies  of 
which  I  have  arranged  to  have  to  illustrate  my  history.  In  addition  to  the 
maps,  the  book  will  be  very  fully  embellished  with  wood-cuts  of  the  important 
episodes,  beautifully  engraved  in  the  very  best  manner;  also  fine  line  and 
stipple  steel  portraits,  engraved  entirely  by  hand,  by  the  best  engravers.  The 
portraits  of  all  officers  exercising  a  general's  command  at  the  battle  will  be 
admitted.  The  following  are  already  engraved: 

Generals  MEADE,  REYNOLDS,  NEW^TON,  WADSWORTH,  MEREDITH,  DOUBLED  AY, 
STANNARD,  HANCOCK,  ZOOK,  GIBBON,  WEBB,  HALL,  HAYS,  SHERRILL,  BULL, 
SICKLES,  BIRNEY,  GRAHAM,  BERDAN,  HUMPHREYS,  SYKES,  BARNES,  TILTON, 
VINCENT,  WRIGHT,  WHEATON,  BARTLETT,  HOWARD,  AMES,  SLOCUM,  WILLIAMS, 
GEARY,  KANE,  HUNT,  RANDOLPH,  MARTIN,  McGiLVERY,  PLEASANTON,  BUTTER- 
FIELD,  WARREN,  and  INGALLS. 


HISTORY  OF  THE  BATTLE.  57 

Several  others  have  been  ordered,  and  I  presume  the  list  will  yet  be  con 
siderably  increased.  I  shall  also  publish  that  of  General  Lee  and  his  corps  and 
division  commanders,  numbering  in  all  probably  seventy-five  of  the  finest  steel 
portraits  yet  engraved  in  this  country.  At  present  over  eighty-five  hundred 
dollars'  worth  of  illustrations  are  completed.  I  shall  be  pleased  to  correspond 
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I  have  now  devoted  six  years  and  a  half  to  collecting  material  for  the  history 
of  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg,  but  until  quite  recently  I  have  felt  unwilling  to 
commence  to  write,  knowing  that  other  matter  existed  which  it  was  important 
for  me  to  have,  and  which,  when  obtained,  might  make  a  material  change  in 
the  account.  This  reason  no  longer  exists,  though  I  shall  still  thankfully  receive 
suggestions  from  any  participant  in  the  battle. 

As  a  publisher  for  profit  I  would  have  issued  it  long  ago,  but  as  an  historian 
I  could  not  conscientiously  until  I  felt  that  the  details  of  this  most  important 
battle  had  been  impartially  examined,  and  the  entire  subject  exhausted. 

JOIIX  B.  BACHELDER,  Publisher, 

59  BEEKMAX  ST.,  XEW  YOKE. 


EXTRACTS  FROM  THE  OFFICIAL  REPORTS 


UNION  AND  CONFEDERATE  COMMANDERS, 


6IIMWING     THE     AUTHORITY     FOP.     AND     CORRECTNESS     OF     THE     LOCATION     AND     POSITION     OF     BOTH     ARMIES 
AS    DELINEATED   IN   THE    PAINTING    OF   THE 


"BATTLE     OF    GETTYSBURG!.' 


HISTORICALLY    DESIGNED    BY    JOHN    B.    BACH  ELDER, 


AXD  PAINTED  BY  JAMES  WALKER. 


COMPILED,     BY     SPECIAL    PERMISSION     OF    GENERAL     U.     S.     GRANT, 


M     THE     CAPTURED     ARCHIVES     OF     THE     CONFEDERATE     GOVERNMENT,    AS    WELL     AS     FROM     TIIK       REPORTS 
AND    LETTERS   OF    UNION    OFFICERS. 


BY  JOTIX    B.    BACIIELDER,  A.  M., 

AUTHOR  OF  THE  "  ISOMETRICAL  DRAWING  OF  TUB  GETTYSBURG  BATTLE-FI 


MAJOR-GENERAL    MEADE'S    LETTER. 


HEAD-QUARTERS  MILITARY  DIVISION  OP  THE  ATLANTIC, 
PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  December  4,  18G9. 

Jonx  B.  BACHELDER,  Xew  York  City : — 

Your  letter  of  the  20th  ult.  was  received,  but  my  reply  lias  been  delayed, 
awaiting  the  return  from  the  West  of  my  son,  who  was  with  me  on  the  occa 
sion  alluded  to  by  you.  On  the  3d  of  July,  18G3,  when  the  enemy's  bat 
teries  were  opened,  I  was  at  the  house  on  the  Taneytown  road  occupied  by  me 
as  head-quarters.  This  house,  as  you  are  aware,  was  situated  about  three  or  four 
hundred  yards  in  rear  of  the  line  of  battle,  and  about  the  center  of  the  enemy's 
converging  lines  of  fire.  Having  around  me  a  large  number  of  officers  and  animals, 
exposed  without  any  particular  necessity  to  the  very  severe  fire,  the  question 
of  moving  my  head-quarters  to  a  position  less  exposed  was  repeatedly  brought 
to  my  notice;  but  in  view  of  the  importance  of  my  being  where  it  was  known 
I  could  be  found,  I  felt  compelled  to  decline  listening  to  any  appeals  till 
near  (as  it  afterward  proved)  the  close  of  the  bombardment,  when  being 
informed  there  was  a  signal  officer  on  the  lull  on  the  Baltimore  pike  (occu 
pied  as  head-quarters  by  Major-General  Slocum)  who  could  communicate  with 
the  signal  officer  at  the  head-quarters  I  was  occupying,  I  ordered  head-quarters 
to  be  transferred  to  this  hill.  Prior  to  doin«-  so,  I  moved  over  to  a  barn  on 

O  / 

the  opposite  side  of  the  Taneytown  road,  which  seemed  to  be  out  of  the  lino 
of  the  heaviest  fire,  but  which,  on  reaching,  was  as  much  exposed  as  the  place 
I  had  left.  On  arriving  at  the  hill  selected,  I  at  once  went  to  the  signal  officer 
on  the  summit,  and  directed  him  to  communicate  my  arrival  to  the  officer  I 
had  left  at  the  house.  I  then  ascertained  the  signal  officer  at  the  house  had 
left  there. 

As  soon  as  I  learned  this,  I  returned  immediately  to  my  old  head-quarters. 
Owing  to  the  change  of  position,  the  difficulty  of  finding  their  horses,  and 
ignorance  of  my  movements  from  inability  to  follow  me,  I  found,  when 
returning,  that  I  was  separated  from  all  my  staff,  having  only  a  few  orderlies 
with  me.  On  my  way  back  I  met  several  of  my  staff  dismounted  ;  among 
them,  my  son,  who  informed  me  his  horse  had  been  killed.  I  directed  him  to 
take  the  horse  of  one  of  the  orderlies  and  followT  me.  The  enemy's  artillery 
fire  ceasing,  heavy  musketry  fire  being  heard,  and  I  meeting  many  men  moving 
to  the  rear,  I  was  satisfied  an  assault  was  being  made.  I  therefore,  on  reach- 


62  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

ing  my  old  head-quarters,  rode  straight  up  to  the  line  of  battle,90*  arriving  there 
just  as  the  large  number  of  prisoners  that  came  into  our  lines  had  crossed 
them,  and  were  moving  to  the  rear.174  I  inquired  of  the  first  officer  whom  I 
met  whether  the  assault  had  been  repulsed,  and  received  from  him  the  reply  that 
it  had.  This  officer,  my  son  (who  by  this  time  had  rejoined  me)  tells  me  was 
Lieutenant  John  Egan,  1st  regiment  U.  S.  artillery,  now  captain  of  infantry.  My 
son  also  informs  me  that  I  was  at  this  moment  accompanied  by  Lieutenant  R.  S. 
McKenzie,  U.  S.  Engineers,  acting  on  this  day  as  aid-de-camp,  and  that  I  sent 
him  (Lieut.  McKenzie)  off  with  some  orders.  This  fact  had  escaped  my  memory, 
as  likewise  the  report  which  Major  Mitchell,  of  General  Hancock's  staff,  states 
he  made  to  me,  of  the  general's  being  wounded.  There  can  be  no  question 
that  the  report  was  made  as  stated  by  Major  Mitchell;  but  I  mention  the  two 
incidents  to  show  that  in  the  excitement  of  battle,  no  individual's  memory 
unsupported  by  corroborative  evidence  is  to  be  relied  on,  however  honest  or 
truthful  the  individual  may  be.  The  only  officer  I  met  whom  I  recognized 
was  Captain  Ilaskell,  of  Major-General  Gibbon's  staff.  Finding  the  assault  was 
repulsed,  and  hearing  firing  on  Cemetery  Hill,  I  rode  over  there,  and  after  a 
short  interview  with  Major-General  Howard,  I  returned  to  my  old  head-quar 
ters  at  the  house,  whence  (being  rejoined  by  the  most  of  my  staff)  I  returned 
to  the  line  of  battle,  crossed  it,  and  rode  down  the  front  to  Round  Top,  to 
confer  with  Major-General  Sykcs.  I  have  always  been  under  the  impres 
sion  that  the  contest  was  virtually  closed  when  I  reached  the  scene,  although 
my  horse  was  shot  while  there,  with  a  musket-ball,  and  my  son  had  his  horse 
killed  under  him  by  a  shell,  the  enemy  reopening  his  batteries  with  great  fury 
the  moment  the  assaulting  column  was  seen  to  give  way.  I  did  not  myself 
see  any  of  the  assaulting  columns,  except,  as  previously  mentioned,  those  who 
preferred  coming  into  our  lines  to  returning  under  the  heavy  artillery  fire  from 
both  lines  ;  these  I  met  just  as  they  passed  into  our  lines,  and  rode  through 
them  as  I  approached  the  line  of  battle.90' 174  Of  the  fact  that  I  was  only  accom 
panied  by  two  staff  officers  (my  son,  Lieutenant  George  Mcade,  6th  Pennsylvania 
Cavalry,  aid-de-camp,  and  Lieutenant  R.  S.  McKenzie,  U.  S.  Engineers,  acting  aid- 
de-camp),  there  can  be  no  question,  as  rny  memory  on  this  point  is  confirmed  by 
the  recollection  of  my  son.  Hoping  this  letter  will  answer  your  purposes, 
I  remain,  very  respectfully  yours, 

GEORGE  G.  MEADE, 

Major-General  U.  S.  Army. 

a.  The  reference  figures  which  follow  do  not  appear  in  the  original  manuscript,  but 
indicate  such  portions  of  it  as  relate  to  the  composition  of  the  painting,  and  refer  the 
reader  to  the  outline  Key  to  it. 


tnsriois  REPORTS. 


EXTRACT  FROM  MAJOR-GENERAL  HANCOCK'S  REPORT. 

:  Arriving  at  between  two  and  three  hundred  yards,  the  troops  of  the 
enemy  were  met  by  a  destructive  fire  from  the  divisions  of  Gibbon  and  Hays, 
which  they  promptly  returned,  and  the  fight  at  once  became  fierce  and  gen 
eral.  In  front  of  Hays'  division  it  was  not  of  very  long  duration  ;  mowed  down 
by  canister  from  Woodruff's  battery,110  by  the  fire  of  two98  regiments  judiciously 
posted  bv  General  Hays  in  his  extreme  front  and  ri^ht,  and  the  fire  of  differ- 

I  v  «/  O 

cut  lines  in  the  rear,  the  enemy  broke  in  disorder,  leaving  fifteen  (15)  colors, 
and  nearly  two  thousand  (2,000)  prisoners174  in  the  hands  of  this  division. 
Those  of  the  enemy's  troops  which  did  not  fall  into  disorder  in  front  of  the 
3d  division  were  moved  to  their  right,160  and  re-enforced  the  line  attacking 
Gibbon's  division.  The  right  of  the  attacking  line  having  been  repulsed  by 
Hall's  and  Harrow's  brigades,  of  the  latter  division,  assisted  by  the  fire  of  two 
Vermont  regiments  of  Stannard's  brigade,62'63  doubled  to  its  left,  and  also 
re-enforced  the  center,  and  thus  the  attack  was  in  its  fullest  strength  opposite 
the  brigade  of  General  Webb.  This  brigade  was  disposed  in  two  lines.  Two 
regiments  of  the  brigade,  the  69th  Pennsylvania"  and  the  7 1st  Pennsylvania89 
volunteers,  were  behind  a  low  stone  wall*4  and  slight  breastwork  hastily  con 
structed  by  them  ;  the  remainder  of  the  brigade  (72d  Pennsylvania  volunteers83) 
being  behind  the  crest  some  sixty  paces  to  the  rear,  and  so  disposed  as  to  fire 
over  the  heads  of  those  in  front."  When  the  enemy's  line  had  nearly  reached 
the  stone  wall,  led  by  General  Armistead,  the  most  of  that  part  of  Webb's 
brigade  posted  here  abandoned  their  position,  but  fortunately  did  not  retreat 
entirely.  They  were  immediately,  by  the  personal  bravery  of  General  Webb81 
and  his  officers,  formed  behind  the  crest  before  referred  to,  which  was  occupied 
by  the  remnant  of  the  brigade.83'89  Emboldened  by  seeing  this  indication  of 
weakness,  the  enemy  pushed  forward  more  pertinaciously,  numbers  of  them 
crossing  over  the  breastwork54  abandoned  by  the  troops.  The  fight  here  be 
came  very  close  and  deadly.  The  enemy's  battle-flags  were  soon  seen  waving 
on  the  stone  wall.34  Passing  at  this  time,  Colonel  Devereux,  commanding  the 
1  9th  Massachusetts  volunteers,71  anxious  to  be  in  the  right  place,  applied  to  me 
for  permission  to  move  his  regiment  to  the  right  and  to  the  front,  where  the 

a.  The  106th  Pennsylvania  volunteers  had  been  ordered  to  report  to  General  Howard  the 
evening  before,  one  company  only  remaining  with  the  brigade. 


64  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

line  had  broken.  I  granted  it,  and  his  regiment,  and  Colonel  Mallon's  42d 
New  York  volunteers,73  on  his  right,  proceeded  there  at  once.  But  the  enemy, 
having  left  Colonel  Hall's  front,  as  described  before,  this  officer  promptly  moved 
his  command6-' fi9  by  the  right  flank  to  still  further  re-enforce  the  position  of  Gen 
eral  Webb,  and  was  immediately  followed  by  Harrow's  brigade.60'61'64'60  The 
movement  was  executed,  but  not  without  confusion,  owing  to  many  men  leavino- 
their  ranks  to  fire  at  the  enemy  from  the  breastworks,  ihe  situation  was  now 
very  peculiar.  The  men  of  all  the  brigades  had  in  some  measure  lost  their  regi 
mental  organization,  but  individually  they  were  firm.  The  ambition  of  in 
dividual  commanders  to  promptly  cover  the  point  penetrated  bv  the  encmv 

the  smoke  of  battle,  and  the  intensity  of  the  close  engagement,  caused  this  con 
fusion.  The  point,  however,  was  now  covered.  In  regular  formation  our  line 
would  have  stood  four  ranks  deep.  The  colors  of  the  different  regiments  were 
now  advanced,  waving  in  defiance  of  the  long  line  of  battle-flags  presented  by 
the  enemy.  The  men  pressed  firmly  after  them,  under  the  energetic  commands 
and  examples  of  their  officers,  and,  after  a  few  moments  of  desperate  fighting, 
the  enemy  were  repulsed,  threw  down  their  arms,  and  found  safety  in  flight, 
or  by  throwing  themselves  on  the  ground  to  escape  our  fire.  The  battle-fla^s 
were  ours,  and  the  victory  was  won.  Gibbon's  division  secured  twelve  (12) 
stands  of  colors,  and  prisoners  enough  to  swell  the  number  captured  by  the 
corps  to  about  forty-five  hundred  (4,500).  *  *  * 

:  I  had  the  misfortune  to  lose  the  valuable  services  of  Brigadier- 
General  John  Gibbon,  commanding  the  2d  division,  who  was  severely  wounded.41 
A  short  time  afterward  I  was  wounded49  myself,  but  was  enabled  to  remain  on 
the  field  until  the  action  was  entirely  over.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT   FRO^E   REPORT    OF    BRIGADIER-GENERAL    HUXT,    COMMANDING 
THE  ARTILLERY  OF  THE  ARMY  OF  THE  POTOMAC. 

*  *  *  On  the  left  of  the  cemetery  N  the  batteries  of  the  2d  corps  were  in  line 
on  the  crest  occupied  by  their  corps  in  the  following  order  from  rio-ht  to  left: 
Woodruff's,  I,  1st  United  States,  six  12-poundcrs  ;110  Arnold's,  A,  1st  Rhode 
Island,  six  3-inch  ;113  Cushing's,  A,  4th  United  States,  six  3-inch  ;87  Brown's, 
B,  1st  Rhode  Island,  four  12-pounders  ;43  and  Rorty's,  B,  1st  New  York,  four 
10-pounders,45  all  under  the  command  of  Captain  Hazard,70  chief  2d  corps 
artillery .a  Next  on  the  left  of  the  artillery  of  the  2d  corps  were  stationed 
Thomas's  battery,  C,  4th  United  States,  six  3-inch  guns  ;26  and  on  his  left"  Major 
McGilvcry's  command,26  consisting  of  Thompson's,  C  and  F,  Pennsylvania,  five 

a.  The  batteries  on  the  south  of  the  Baltimore  turnpike,  under  Major  Osborne,1--  chief  of 
llth  corps  artillery,  were  Tuft's.  Bancroft's,  Eakins',  Edgell's,  Hill's,  and  Dilger's. 

I.  I  find  a  memorandum  in  my  note-book,  made  at  the  front,  in  the  winter  of  1SG3— (, 
that  Daniels'  9th  Michigan  battery  (horse  artillery),  was  in  position  at  this  place.  Cap 
tain  Daniels'  report  is  not  sufficiently  explicit  to  locate  his  position.  It  is  known,  however, 
that  he  reported  to  Major-General  Newton,  during  the  cannonade,  and  was  placed  in  posi 
tion  by  him  on  this  front. 


UNION   REPORTS.  §5 

3-inch;  Phillip^'s,  5tli  Massachusetts,  six  3-incli;  Hart's,  15th  New  York  (inde 
pendent),  four  12-pounders  ;  Sterling's,  2d  Connecticut,  four  James  rifles  and  two 
howitzers;  Rock's  section,  New  Jersey,  two  3-inch  ;  Cooper's,  B,  1st  Pennsylvania, 
four  3-inch  ;  Dow's,  6th  Maine,  four  12-pounders  ;  Ames's,  G,  1st  New  York,  six 
12-pounders.  On  the  extreme  left,  occupying-  the  position  of  the  day  before, 
were  Gibbs1,  L,  1st  Ohio,34"  and  Rittenhouse's,  D,  5th  United  States,  six 
10-pounders37  (all  under  command  of  Captain  Martin,  chief  of  5th  corps 
artillery).  Rittcnhouse's  battery  was  in  excellent  position  for  the  service  of  his 
rifled  guns.  We  had  thus  on  the  western  crest  line  seventy-five  guns,  which  could 
be  aided  by  a  few  of  those  on  Cemetery  Hill.  [See  Major  Osborne's  Report, 
chief  11  tli  corps  artillery.]  *  *  *  About  3  o'clock  p.  M  ,  and  soon  after 
the  enemy's  fire  had  ceased,  he  formed  a  column  of  attack  in  the  edge  of  the 
woods  in  front  of  the  2d  corps.  At  this  time,  Fitzhugh's,1  Parson's,19-  19-a  Weir's,125 
and  Cowan's59  batteries  reached  this  point,  and  were  put  in  position  in  front 
of  the  advancing  enemy.  *  *  *  The  enemy  advanced  in  three  lines. 
When  they  came  within  range  our  canister  fire  and  musketry  were  opened  upon 
them,  occasioning  disorder;  but  still  they  advanced  gallantly  until  they  reached 
the  stone  wall,84  behind  which  our  troops  lay.  Here  ensued  a  desperate  con 
flict,  the  enemy  succeeding  in  passing  the  wall  and  entering  our  lines,  causing 
great  destruction  of  life,  especially  among  the  batteries.  Infantry  troops  were, 
however,  advanced  from  our  right98  [and  left],4  the  rear  of  the  enemy  broke, 
and  the  others,  who  had  fought  with  a  gallantry  that  excited  the  admiration  of 
our  troops,  found  themselves  cut  off  and  compelled  to  surrender.  As  soon  as 
their  fate  was  evident,  the  enemy  opened  his  batteries  upon  the  masses  of  our 
troops  at  this  point,  without  regard  to  the  presence  of  his  own.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT    FROM    REPORT     OF    BRIGADIER-GENERAL     GlBBON,    COMMANDING 

2D  DIVISION,  2o  CORPS. 

*  *  At  this  time  the  enemy  displayed  his  first  line  coming  out  of  the 
woods,  and  preceded  by  a  heavy  line  of  skirmishers,  which  commenced  im 
mediately  to  push  ours  back.  The  line  moved  steadily  to  the  front  in  a  way 
to  excite  the  admiration  of  every  one,  and  was  followed  by  a  second  and 
third,  extending  all  along  our  front  as  far  as  the  eye  could  reach. 

Our  guns  were  run  well  forward,  so  as  to  give  them  a  good  sweep  over  the 
ground,  loaded  with  canister,  and  the  men  warned  to  keep  well  under  cover, 
and  to  reserve  their  fire  until  the  enemy  got  well  within  range.  As  the  front 
line  came  up  it  was  met  with  such  a  withering  fire  of  canister  and  musketry  as 
soon  melted  it  away  ;  but  still  on  they  came  from  behind,  pressing  forward  to 
the  wall.  By  this  time  most  of  our  artillerymen  had  fallen,  and  but  an  occa 
sional  cannon-shot  along  the  line  interrupted  the  continuous  rattle  of  mus- 

a.  The  guns  of  this  battery  were  of  too  short  range  to  be  effective  on  the  charging 
column. — ED.  ^  I.  Hall's,  Harrow's,  and  Stannard's  brigades. 


(36  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

ketry.  The  right  of  the  enemy's  line  did  not  extend  as  far  as  the  left  of  my 
division,  and  while  urging  forward  some  of  my  left  regiments  to  take  his  line 
in  flank,  I  was  wounded,  and  left  the  field.41 

The  rest  is  told  by  the  brigade  reports.  "Webb's  line  of  three  small  regiments 
was  overwhelmed  and  driven  back  by  the  superior  masses  of  the  enemy  ;*3>89  but 
Hall's  men,  skillfully  directed  by  himself,77  and  the  gallant  Devereux,  Mallon, 
and  others,  rushed  to  the  rescue  and  fell  upon  his  flank.73- 71>  69> 6S> 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  GENERAL  HARROW,  COMMANDING  IST 
BRIGADE,  2D  DIVISION,  2o  CORPS. 

*  *  *  At  3  P.  M.  his  infantry  columns  moved  from  the  woods  one  thousand 
yards  distant,  and  steadily  advanced  to  the  assault.  After  crossing  the  Em- 
mettsburg  and  Gettysburg  road  L  in  two  lines,  with  supports  upon  the  right 
and  left,  accommodating  themselves,  as  far  as  possible,  to  the  low  grounds  in 
front  of  the  division,  this  movement  brought  them  first  in  range  of  the  guns 
of  the  1st  brigade.  But  the  crest  of  the  hill,M  occupied  by  the  right  of  Colonel 
Hall's  brigade  and  the  left  of  Webb's,  seemed  to  be  the  point  to  which  their 
main  attack  was  directed.  As  their  purpose  became  manifest,  the  1st  and  3d 
brigades  of  this  division  inclined  to  the  right,  cngao-ing  the  enemy  as  they 
moved,  the  whole  command  meeting  the  shock  from  the  enemy's  heaviest  lines 
and  support  near  the  crest  of  the  ridge  M.60'61'64'66'69'71' 73>  Here  the  contest 
raged  with  almost  unparalleled  ferocity. 


EXTRACT  FROM:  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  WEBB'S  REPORT. 

*  *  *  At  three  o'clock  the  enemy's  line  left  the  woods  in  our  front,  moved 
in  perfect  order  across  the  Emmettsburg  road  L,  formed  in  the  hollow,  in  our 
immediate  front,  several  lines  of  battle,  under  a  fire  of  spherical  case  from  our 
batteries,  and  advanced  to  the  assault.  The  7lst  Pennsylvania  volunteers*9  was 
advanced  to  the  wall/4  on  the  right  of  the  G9th  Pennsylvania  volunteers.78 
Three  of  Cushing's  guns82  were  run  down  to  the  wall,  carrying  with  them  their 
canister.  The  72d  Pennsylvania  volunteers83  held  the  reserve  under  the  crest 
of  the  hill.  The  enemy  advanced  steadily  to  the  wall/4  driving  out  a  portion 
of  the  Ylst  Pennsylvania  volunteers,89  General  Armistcad  passing  over  the  fence 
with  probably  over  one  hundred  of  his  command,  and  with  several  battle-flags. 
The  72d  Pennsylvania  volunteers83  were  ordered  up  to  hold  the  ciest,  and  ad 
vanced  to  within  forty  paces  of  the  enemy's  line.  Colonel  Smith,  commanding 
the  7 1st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  threw  two  companies95  of  his  command  behind 
the  stone  wall,  on  the  right  of  Gushing,87  fifty  paces  retired  from  the  point  of 
attack.  The  69th  Pennsylvania  volunteers,78  and  the  most  of  the  7 1st  Pennsyl 
vania  volunteers,  even  after  the  enemy  were  in  their  rear,  held  their  position. 
The  72d  Pennsylvania  volunteers83  fought  steadily  and  persistently,  but  the 
enemy  probably  would  have  succeeded  in  piercing  our  lines  had  not  Colonel 
Hall77  (commanding  3d  brigade),  advanced  with  several  of  his  regiments  to  my 


UNION  REPORTS.  gf 

support.  Defeated — routed — the  enemy  fled  in  disorder.  General  Armistead146 
\vas  left  mortally  wounded  within  my  lines,  and  forty-two  of  the  enemy  who 
crossed  the  fence  lay  dead.*  *  *  Lieutenant  A.  IT.  Gushing,76  4th  United  States 
artillery,  fell  mortally  wounded  at  the  fence  by  the  side  of  his  guns.8'2  Cool, 
brave,  competent,  he  fought  for  an  hour  and  a  half  after  he  had  reported  to  me 
that  he  was  wounded  in  both  thighs. 


r> 


EXTRACT  FROM  A  LETTER  WRITTEN  BY  GENERAL  WEBB  TO  ins  FAMILY 

IMMEDIATELY    AFTER    THE    BATTLE. 

*  *  *  As  they  steadily  advanced,  I  ordered  my  few  guns  to  fire,  and  we 
opened  great  gaps  in  them ;  but  steadily  they  advanced  in  four  solid  lines — 
right  on  up  to  my  works  or  fence,  and  shot  my  men  when  their  muskets 
touched  their  breasts.  Seeing  two  companies  driven  out,  my  artillery  in  their 
hands,  I  ordered  up  my  reserve  regiment,83  and  led  it  myself.81  General  Armi- 
stead  (an  old  army  officer)  led  his  men,  came  over  my  fence,  and  passed  me 
with  four  of  his  men.  He  fell,  mortally  wounded.146  I  got  hit,  one  shot 
grazing  my  thigh.  *  *  *  As  soon  as  I  got  my  right  up  to  the  wall,  the  enemy 
were  whipped.  When  my  men  fell  back  I  almost  wished  to  get  killed.  I  was 
almost  disgraced.  But  Hall  (colonel),77  on  my  left,  saw  it  all  and  brouo-ht  up 
his  regiments  to  help  me.  Gibbon  was  wounded  near  me.41  Hancock  also.49 
General  Meade  himself  rode  up  near  me.90  *  *  *  I  killed  forty-two  rebels  inside 
of  the  fence,  besides  General  Armistead. 

A.  S.  WEBB/ 

a.  COLLEGE  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK, 

NEW  YORK  CITY,  Nov.  25,  18 GO. 
Colonel  JOHN'  B.  BACHELDER,  59  Beekman'St,  New  York: — 

SIR, — Having  been  shown  by  you  my  official  report  of  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg,  arid 
having  been  asked  to  state  whether  or  not  I  had  any  corrections  to  make  in  the  language  of 
said  report,  I  have  to  thank  you  for  bringing  to  my  notice  the  expressions  used,  and.  as  the 
result  of  careful  investigation,  I  make  the  following  changes  in  the  extract  which  you 
publish : — 

Instead  of  the  words,  ';  Colonel  Smith,  commanding  71  st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  threw 
two  companies,"  etc.,  I  would  now  insert  "  Two  companies  of  the  71st  Pennsylvania  volun 
teers  were  thrown  behind  the  stone  wall,"  etc. 

Where  I  used  the  words  "the  most  of  the  71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,"  I  desire  to 
insert  therefor  "a  portion  of  the  71st  Pennsylvania  volunteers."  Where  the  words  "the  72d 
Pennsylvania  volunteers  fought  steadily,"  etc.,  occur,  I  desire  to  insert  therefor  "the  portion 
of  the  72d  Pennsylvania  volunteers  near  me  remained  steadily  in  their  position,  a  little  retired 
from  the  crest,  and  lired  at  the  advancing  enemy.  Since  I  had  not  succeeded  in  making  a 
charge  with  this  regiment,  the  enemy  would  probably,''  etc. 

To  do  justice  to  the  69th  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  and  the  members  of  the  71st  Pennsyl 
vania,  volunteers  that  were  with  the  69th,  I  should  have  stated  that,  leaving  the  72d  Penn 
sylvania  volunteers  in  position,  I  went  to  the  69th,  and  found  them  at  the  stone  wall,  and 
pointed  out  to  them  that  a  portion  of  the  enemy  was  in  their  rear. 

I  remain,  with  highest  respect,  your  obedient  servant, 

ALEX.  S.  WEBB. 
Brevet  Major-General,  United  States  Army. 


68  GETTYSBURG—DESCRIPTIVE    KEY. 


MAJOR  MITCHELL'S    LETTER    TO    GENERAL   HANCOCK. 

HEAD-QUARTERS  MILITARY  DEPARTMENT,  OFFICE  ASSISTANT  INSPECTOR-GENERAL, 

BALTIMORE,  MD.,  January  10,  1866. 

GENERAL, — I  have  the  honor  to  furnish  you  with  the  following  statement 
concerning  the  verbal  message  which  you  directed  me  to  deliver  to  Major- 
General  Meade  during  the  battle  of  Gettysburg,  on  the  evening  of  July  3, 
1863. 

I  was  directed  to  deliver  the  message  herein  referred  to,  to  General  Meade 
when  you  were  lying  on  the  ground  wounded  on  the  line  of  battle  of  the  2d 
army  corps,  a  few  moments  after  the  enemy's  grand  assault  had  been  repulsed, 
and  when  they  were  retreating  in  confusion  from  the  field.  The  message  was  as 
follows : — 

"Tell  General  Meade  that  the  troops  under  my  command  have  repulsed 
the  enemy's  assault,  and  that  we  have  gained  a  great  victory.  The  enemy  is 
now  flying  in  all  directions  in  my  front." 

I  delivered  the  message  to  General  Meade  on  the  field  as  he  was  riding 
up  toward  the  crest  of  Cemetery  Hill,  a  few  moments  after  I  received  it,  and 
also  informed  him  that  you  were  dangerously  wounded.86  He  replied  as 
follows : — 

"  Say  to  General  Hancock  that  I  regret  exceedingly  that  he  is  wounded, 
and  that  I  thank  him  for  the  country  and  for  myself  for  the  service  he  has  ren 
dered  to-day."  *  *  * 

Very  respectfully, 

Your  obedient  servant, 
(Signed)  W.  G.  MITCHELL, 

Brevet  Brigadier-General  Volunteers, 

Inspector-General  M.  M.  Department. 

P.  S. — The  message  from  General  Hancock,  and  the  reply  of  General  Meade 
above  o;iven,  are  taken  from  a  written  memorandum  made  by  me  on  the  even 
ing  of  the  3d  of  July,  1863. 


EXTRACT  FROM  A  LETTER  FROM  LIEUTENANT  HAMILTON,  ACTING  ADJUTANT 
59TH  NEW  YORK  VOLUNTEERS. 

*  *  *  All  the  regiments  on  our  left  broke  to  the  rear,"  and  this67 
alone  remained  at  the  works.  Captain  McFadden  commanded  from  the  time 
Lieutenant-Colonel  Thomas  was  killed  (on  the  2d)  until  after  the  fight  was 
over. 

a.  Lieutenant  Hamilton's  report  was  literally  true,  although  it  might  be  misunderstood. 
The  regiments  on  the  left  of  the  59th  New  York  volunteers  did  "break  from  their  right 
to  the  rear."  But  it  was  done  by  the  order  of  their  commanding  officers.  They  then 
moved  to  the  right  in  rear  of  the  59th  and  became  engaged  at  the  copse  of  trees  M- 


UNION  REPORTS.  §9 

LETTER    FROM    LIEUTENANT-COLONEL    MACT,    COMMANDING  20TH  MAS 
SACHUSETTS  VOLUNTEERS — (EXTRACT). 

*  *  *  The  right  of  the  20th  Massachusetts68  rested  on  the  7th  Michigan,69 
and  on  the  right  of  the  7th  was  the  59th  New  York  volunteers.67  *  *  * 
In  my  opinion,  the  enemy  had  penetrated  as  far  as  the  guns82  when  I  got  rny  order 
from  Colonel  Hall  (commanding  brigade)  to  move  my  command  upon  the 
flank  of  the  enemy,  and  "go  at  them."  My  order  was  brought  to  me  by 
Captain  Leach,  and  was  this:  "Colonel  Hall  directs  that  you  move  the  20th 
in  rear  of  the  line  and  attack  the  flank  of  the  enemy  as  they  come  in." 
Seeing  the  impossibility  of  executing  any  regular  movement,  I  at  once  or 
dered  Captain  Abbott,  who  commanded  the  right  company,  to  "  move  in  a 
mass  on  the  enemy."  Knowing  that  a  hand-to-hand  fight  was  coming,  I  told 

•/  ^  o  o" 

Abbott  that   I  would   follow  with  the  other  companies.     Captain  Abbott  led 
gallantly  off,  and  his  men  followed  him  without  regard  to  order.      *     *     * 


EXTRACT  FROM    REPORT  OF    CAPTAIN    ELLINGWOOD,   COMMANDING  IOTH 

MASSACHUSETTS  VOLUNTEERS. 

*  *  *  About  1  P.  M.,  the  enemy  opened  a  heavy  fire  of  artillery  upon 
our  lines,  during  which  we  lost  one  man  killed  and  two  wounded.  Soon  after,61 
an  attack  of  infantry  was  made ;  we  moved  by  the  rio'ht  flank  a  short  distance, 

•/  •/  O 

and  became  hotly  engaged.     *     *     * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT    OF    CAPTAIN  DARROAV,  COMMANDING  82o  XEW 

YORK    VOLUNTEERS.66 

*  *  *  In  the  action  on  the  3d  we  lost  a  number  of  men  during  the 
cannonade.  When  the  enemy  advanced  we  were  ordered  to  the  right,66 
toward  a  small  grove  M,  and  charged  through  it,  driving  the  enemy  before  us, 
and  captured  two  flags,  from  the  1st  and  7th  Virginia  regiments,  with  a  loss  of 
four  officers  and  sixty-four  men.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  COLONEL  HEATH,  19TH  MAINE  VOLUNTEERS. 

*  *  *  On  the  3d  instant  my  position  was  on  the  left  of  the  82d  New 
York  volunteers.66  Shortly  after  the  advance  of  the  enemy,  my  regiment 
was  ordered  by  the  general  commanding  to  the  assistance  of  the  2d  brigade 
(Webb's).81  We  moved  up  by  the  right  flank,64  and  assisted  in  the  repulse 
of  the  attacking  party.  Here  my  loss  was  very  heavy.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT   FROM   REPORT    OF    CAPTAIN    COATES,    COMMANDING    IST    MIN 
NESOTA  VOLUNTEERS. 

*     *     *     Heavy    columns    of    infantry    were     thrown     suddenly    forward 
against  our  position.     They  marched  resolutely  in  the  face  of  a  withering  fire 


70  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE    KEY. 

up  to  our  lines,  and  succeeded  in  planting  their  colors  on  one  of  our  batteries.82 
The  point  of  attack  was  to  the  right  of  our  position,  and  held  by  the  2d  brigade 
(\Yebb's)84  of  our  division  (2d),  2d  corps.  As  the  enemy  approached,  we  were 
moved  by  the  right  flank  to  oppose  them,60  firing  upon  them  as  we  approached, 
and  sustaining  their  fire,  together  with  the  fire  of  the  batteries,  which  they  had 
brought  up  to  short  range.140  The  firing  here  was  desperate  for  a  time.  At 
length  the  regiment  with  others  closed  in  upon  the  enemy,  and  nearly  the 
whole  of  the  rebel  force  who  remained  alive  were  taken  prisoners.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT   FROM   REPORT  OF   COLONEL  GATES,  COMMANDING   20Tii  XEW 

YORK  STATE  MILITIA. 

*  *  *  The  enemy  came  forward  rapidly,  and  began  firing  as  soon  as  they 
were  in  range  of  our  men.  When  they  had  approached  within  about  200  feet 
of  the  bottom  of  the  valley  heretofore  mentioned,  the  troops  of  my  command 
opened  a  warm  fire  upon  them.  Almost  immediately  their  first  line  faced  by 
the  left  flank,  and  were  moved  at  double-quick  up  the  valley,  and  toward  Get 
tysburg.  The  second  line  obliqued  to  the  left,  and  closed  upon  the  right  of  the 
first  line.  Reaching  a  position  opposite  the  bluff  M,  they  faced  to  the  right,  and 
moved  forward  rapidly  in  line  of  battle.  Perceiving  that  their  purpose  was  to 
2;ain  the  bluff,  I  moved  my  command  by  the  right  flank57  to  the  foot  of  the  bluff, 
delivering  our  fire  as  we  marched,  and  keeping  between  the  enemy  and  the 
object  of  his  enterprise.  He  succeeded  in  reaching  the  fence  at  the  foot  of  the 
bluff,  but  with  ranks  broken,  and  his  men  evidently  disheartened.  Some  suc 
ceeded  in  getting  over  the  fence  into  the  slashing,  from  which,  and  behind  the 
fence,  they  kept  up  a  murderous  fire.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT   FROM  A  LETTER   FROM    CAPTAIN   OWENS,   COMMANDING   151ST 
PENNSYLVANIA  VOLUNTEERS. 


cncmy  made  their  appearance  a  little  to  the  left  of  our 
position,  but  marching  in  an  oblique  direction,  until  they  had  moved  to  the 
rio-ht  of  us.  For  some  reason,  I  do  not  know  what,  the  2d  corps  troops  moved 
to  the  right,  and  the  20th  New  York  State  Militia"  and  the  151st  Pennsylvania 
volunteers54  followed,  loading  and  firing  as  we  ran,  until  we  got  to  a  small 
grove  M,  which  seemed  to  be  the  point  aimed  at  by  the  enemy.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  STANNARD'S  REPORT. 

*  *  *  The  charge  was  aimed  directly  upon  my  command,50  but  owing, 
apparently,  to  the  firm  front  shown  them,  the  enemy  143  diverged  midway, 
and  came  upon  the  line  upon  my  right.84  *  *  *  As  soon  as  the  change  of 


UNION  REPORTS.  71 

front  became  evident,  I  ordered  a  flank  attack  upon  the  enemy's  column,  form 
ing  in  the  open  meadow,  in  front  of  our  lines.  The  13th  Vermont  volunteers/'2 
"  changed  front  forward  on  first  company,"  the  IGth  Vermont  volunteers,63 
after  deploying,  performed  the  same,  and  formed  on  the  left  of  the  13th,  at 
riu'ht  angles  to  the  main  line  of  our  army,  bringing  them  in  line  of  battle 
upon  the  flank  of  the  charging  division  of  the  enemy,  143  and  opened  a 
destructive  fire,  at  short  range,  which  the  enemy  sustained  but  a  very  few 
moments  before  the  larger  portion  of  .them  surrendered,  and  marched  in,  not 
as  conquerors,  but  as  captives.* 


EXTRACT   FROM  REPORT   OF  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  HAYS,103  COMMANDING 
SD  DIVISION  2D  CORPS. 

*  *  *  Anticipating  the  movement  of  the  enemy,  I  caused  the  house 
and  barn  in  our  front,  which  interrupted  the  fire  of  our  artillery,  to  be  burned 
down.  N  *  *  * 

Their  march  was  as  steady  as  if  impelled,  marching  unbroken  by  our  artil 
lery,  which  played  upon  them  a  storm  of  missiles.  When  within  one  hundred 
yards  of  our  line  of  infantry,  the  fire  of  our  men  could  no  longer  be  restrained. 
Four  lines  "' 101>  102>  10~"a  arose  from  behind  our  stone  wall,  and  before  the  smoke 
of  our  first  volley  had  cleared  away,  the  enemy,  in  dismay  and  consternation, 
were  seeking  safety  in  flight.  Many  attempts  to  rally  them  by  their  officers 
were  vain.  In  less  time  than  I  can  recount  it  they  were  throwing  away  their 
arms,  and  appealing  most  piteously  for  mercy.  The  Angel  of  Death  can 
alone  produce  such  afield  as  was  presented.  The  division  captured  and  turned 
in  to  head-quarters  fifteen  battle-flares.  A  number  of  others  were  captured,  but 
have  been  surreptitiously  disposed  of.  Colonel  Sherrill,  126th  New  York  vol 
unteers,  was  mortally  wounded.109  Colonel  McDougall,  lllth  Xew  York  vol 
unteers,  and  Major  Ilihlebrant,  39th  New  York  volunteers,  were  severely 
wounded,  leaving  the  brigade  in  command  of  Lieutenant-Colonel  Bull.  Colonel 
Smyth,  commanding  2d  brigade,  was  severely  wounded  in  the  head  and  face  by 
a  shell,104  which,  however,  did  not  prevent  his  return  to  duty  next  day.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  CAPTAIN  SEELEY,  COMMANDING  lllTii  NEW 

YORK/ 

*  *  *  During  the  hottest  of  the  fire  the  regiment  formed  and  marched 
up  by  the  right  flank  105~a  to  the  crest  of  the  hill,  and  formed  in  the  rear  of  the 
12th  Xew  Jersey,10-  who  were  lying  under  shelter  of  a  stone  wall.  *  *  * 

a.  The  14th  Vermont  volunteers50  were  in  position  on  the  left  of  the  line,  and  were  not 
ordered    forward,  but  subsequently  opened  fire   on  Wilcox's  command,  135> 137   when   he 
advanced  to  cover  Pickett's  right. 

b.  Colonel  McDougall  commanded  the  brigade  during  the  latter  part  of  the  engagement. 


72  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

The  enemy  were  seen  advancing  in  three  heavy  lines,  preceded  by  a  cloud  of 
skirmishers.  Not  a  man  flinched,  but  every  brow  was  knit  and  lips  com 
pressed  with  determination  to  win  or  die,  and  win  they  did.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT   OF   LIEUTENANT-COLONEL  FRANKLIN  SAWYER, 

COMMANDING    STH  OlIIO  VOLUNTEERS. 

*  *  *  About  4  o'clock  p.  M.  of  the  2d  inst.,  I  received  an  order  from 
Colonel  S.  S.  Carroll,  United  States  Army,  commanding  brigade,  to  move  my 
regiment  forward  to  the  picket  line.  *  *  (Four  companies  were  advanced 

to  the  front,  and  the  balance  were  held  in  reserve  at  the  Emmettsburg  road.) 
*  "*  *  On  the  afternoon  of  the  3d,  the  column  of  the  enemy  directed  itself 
upon  our  battery,110  to  my  left,  and  the  lines  on  the  left  flank  of  the  column 
advanced  directly  upon  my  position.  I  moved  up  my  reserve  to  the  picket 
front,  and  as  the  rebel  line  came  within  one  hundred  yards  we  poured  in  a  well- 
directed  fire,  which  broke  it,  and  it  soon  fled,  in  the  wildest  confusion. 

Being  relieved  from  this  direction,  I  "changed  front  forward  on  the  left  com 
pany,"  thus  presenting  our  front  to  the  advancing  rebel  column.  Our  fire  was 
poured  into  their  flank,  with  terrible  effect,108  for  a  few  minutes,  before  the  2d 
brigade,  and  the  battery  (Woodruff's)110  opened,  but  almost  instantly,  the  fire 
from  the  front,  together  with  the  concentrated  fire  from  our  batteries,  the  whole 
mass  gave  wav,  some  flving  to  the  front,  some  to  the  rear,  and  through  our 
lines,  until  the  whole  plain  was  covered  with  unarmed  rebels,  waving  coats, 
hat?,  and  handkerchiefs,  in  token  of  a  wish  to  surrender.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT    FROM  REPORT    OF  MAJOR  GENERAL   HOWARD,''"  COMMANDING 

UTII  CORPS. 

*  *  *  The  enemy's  infantry  appeared  emerging  from  the  woods  upon 
Seminary  Ridge,  his  left  nearly  opposite  our  front,  and  the  line  extending  far 
to  the  left.  Our  batteries,  under  direction  of  Major  Osborne,1'-"-'  again  opened 
fire,  using  shells  at  first.  The  gaps  made  by  them  seemed  to  have  no  effect  on 
the  onward  progress  of  the  enemy.  Still  his  line  advanced  steadily,  gaining 
ground  gradual1}7  toward  his  right.  When  near  our  line  of  skirmishers  the  bat 
teries  opened  upon  them  wTith  grape  and  canister  from  the  hill.  The  infantry 
also  commenced  firing.  The  enemy's  lines  were  broken,  and  the  plain  in  our 
front  was  covered  with  fugitives  running  in  every  direction. 

Colonel  Smith's  brigade,"5  of  General  Steinwehr's1-0  division,  was  pushed  to 
the  left  and  front,  to  the  support  of  the  1st  corps  (Robinson's  division)114  mov 
ing  forward.  *  *  * 


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UNION     REPORTS.  73 

EXTRACT    FHOM:   REPORT   OF    GENERAL   NEWTON,™  COMMANDING    IST 

CORPS. 

x  *  #  >r;he  dawn  of  day  on  the  3d  found  the  position  of  the  1st  corps  as 
f«:!ows:  The  1st  division  (Wadsworth's),  as  before  represented,  on  Gulp's  Hill; 
tin-  2d  division  (Robinson's)  on  Cemetery  Hill  Z,  ready  to  support  the  llth  or 
L;<1  corps;  the  3d  division  (Doubleday's)10  on  the  left  center,  and  adjoining-  the 
left  of  General  Hancock's  position.  Between  the  left  of  the  3d  division10  and 
General  Sykes'  position"9  on  the  left,  an  interval  of  over  half  a  mile,  there 
were  no  troops  in  position.  I  reported  this  fact  immediately  to  the  general 
commanding',  who  authorized  me  to  go  to  General  Sedgwick  on  the  extreme 
left,15'  and  obtain  troops  from  him  to  fill  this  gap.  While  proceeding  on  this 
mission,  I  encountered  CaldwelTs  division1'3  of  the  2d  corps,  not  then  forming 
part  of  General  Hancock's  line  of  battle,  and,  with  this  officer's  consent,  I  put 
it,  in  position  on  the  left  of  the  3d  division,  1st  corps  (Major-General  Double- 
day's).'0  General  Sedgwick  could  only  spare  me  the  1st  Xcw  Jersey  brigade 
(General  Torbert),  which  was  placed  in  position14  on  the  left  of  General  Cald- 
well."3  My  own  batteries,  occupying  important  positions  in  the  center  and 
right-center,  mi_dit  not  with  propriety  be  removed,  and  I  therefore  applied  and 
obtained  permission  to  call  upon  the  reserve  artillery.26  [Sec  Major  McGil- 
vcry's  report.]  *  *  *  I  must  mention  that  the  3d  corps,  under  Major- 
General  TJirney,3  which  had  suffered  severely  in  the  previous  day's  fight,  I  found 
posted  directly  in  rear  of  my  line  of  battle,  and  made  arrangements  with  him 
to  draw  upon  him  for  such  support  as  might  be  needed  ;  and  I  take  advantage 
of  this  opportunity  to  express  my  obligations  for  the  cheerful  and  handsome 
manner  in  which  he  responded  to  every  call  made  upon  him.  *  *  *  At 
length  the  enemy's  columns  of  attack  began  to  move,  *  *  *  directing 
itself  upon  the  front  of  the  31  (Doubleday's)  division,50  1st  corps;  but  meeting 
with  a  warm  fire  from  his  front  line  of  battle,  composed  of  the  13th,  14th,  and 
16th  Vermont  regiments  of  Stannard's  brigade,  the  20th  Xew  York  State 
Militia,  and  the  151st  Pennsylvania  volunteers,  it  swerved  to  the  right  to  attack 
General  Hancock."4  General  Stannard  immediately  changed  front  forward,  and 
falling  upon  their  flank,62'63  routed  them,  taking  a  large  number  of  prisoners. 
This  had  hardly  been  done,  when  another  column,135'137  attempting  the  left  of 
General  Doubleday's  front,  was  attacked  in  flank  in  a  similar  way,  and  nearly 
the  whole  column  killed,  wounded,  or  captured.  *  *  *  With  the  first 
movement  of  the  assaulting  column  of  the  enemy,  I  called  upon  General  Birnev,3 
commanding*  3d  corps,  for  troops  to  form  a  reserve,  first  for  one  (the  2d,  Hum 
phrey's),-"  and  subsequently  for  another  division  (1st.  Ward's),4  which  were 
promptly  sent.  With  a  portion  of  these  troops6  I  re-enforced  General  Han 
cock,  who  was  severely  pressed  by  heavy  masses  of  the  enemy,  holding  the 
remainder  in  readiness  to  fall  upon  the  enemy,  should  they  succeed  in  pene 
trating  our  lines,  a  contingency  which  fortunately  did  not  occur.  The  2d 
division  (1st  corps),  under  General  Robinson,114  was  moved  to  sustain  General 
Hancock's  rhrht.11'-'"7  *  *  * 


74  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE    KEY. 

EXTRACT  FROM   REPORT   OF   GENERAL   HUMPHREYS,20   COMMANDING   2D 

DIVISION,  SD  CORPS. 

*  *  *  My  division  was  moved  rapidly  to  the  right  and  formed  in  mass 
by  battalions,19"3'19'21  and  in  rear  and  support  of  the  left  of  the  2d  corps  (Cald- 
well's  division),'23  several  batteries'26  being  in  position  in  my  front.  Here  it 
remained  until  dusk,  losing  several  valuable  officers  and  a  large  number  of 
men  from  the  enemy's  artillery.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  GENERAL  SEDGWicK,29  COMMANDING 

CORPS. 

*  *  *  General  Torbert's  brigade24  was  sent  to  the  [left]  center,  reporting 
to  Major-General  Newton,  and  remained  in  position  until  the  morn  ing  of  the  5th. 
Eustis'  brigade12  was  sent  to  the  right  [left]  center,  also  reporting  to  General 
Newton.  Shaler's  brigade  was  ordered  to  the  left,  then  to  the  right,  and  subse 
quently  returned  to  the  left  center,14  and  was  held  in  reserve.  During  the 
movement  of  these  troops  they  were  more  or  less  exposed  to  the  fire  of  the 
enemy's  artillery.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT    FROM    REPORT    OF    GENERAL    SHALER,   COMMANDING    IST 
BRIGADE,  3D  DIVISION,  GTII   CORPS. 

*  *  *  At  half-past  three  o'clock  p.  M.,  by  direction  of  General  Sedgwick, 
the  brigade  was  moved,  under  a  terrific  fire  of  artillery,  to  report  to  General 
Newton.  A  subsequent  order,  however,  from  General  Meade,  directed  me  to 
remain  in  rear  of  the  position  of  the  3d  corps,14  reporting  to  Major-General 
Newton  for  instructions.  *  *  * 


EXTRACTS    FROM    REPORTS    OF    BRIGADE    COMMANDERS    OF    THE    IST 
DIVISION,  OTII  CORPS. 

Colonel  T'dton™  commanding  1st  JBriffade,  1st  Division,  5tk  Corps. 

*  *     *     On  the    3d   we    relieved  the    3d  brigade   on    duty,  holding  the 
Rocky  Hill39  (Round  Top)  D   upon  the  extreme  left.     *     *     * 

Colonel   Siveitzer's31   Report^  commanding   2c/  Brigade^  1st  Division,    5tk 

Corps. 

*  *      *      On    the    night    of  the    2d  I   received  an  order,  and    put  the 
2d  brigade   in  the    position    indicated,31   where   we    remained  until   the    5th 
inst.     *     *     * 


UNION    REPORTS. 


Colonel  Rice's^  Reporl,  commanding  3d  brigade,  \st  Division,  5th  Corps. 

*  *  *  The  brigade  was  relieved  during  the  forenoon  by  the  1st  brigade 
(Tilton's),39  and  ordered  to  the  center  of  the  line,31  where  it  remained  in  reserve 
the  balance  of  the  day,  exposed  to  a  severe  cannonading.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  GENERAL  AYERS,38  COMMANDING  2o  DIVISION 
(REGULAR),  5TH  CORPS. 

*  *  *  These  two  brigades  (1st,  Colonel  Day  ;32'a  2d,  Colonel  Burbank32-b) 
were  massed  in  the  woods,3-  in  rear  of  the  3d  brigade  (Garrard's).36  *  *  * 
The  division  remained  in  this  last  position  till  we  took  up  the  line  of  march  in 
pursuit  of  the  enemy.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  COLONEL  GAERARD,36  COMMANDING  3o  BRIGADE 
(WEED'S),  2D  DIVISION,  OTII  CORPS. 

*  *  *  At  night  (2d)  this  ridge  (Little  Round  Top,)  B  naturally  strong, 
was  strengthened  by  building  a  stone  wall  about  half  way  down  the  slope, 
wherever  the  rocks  offered  no  protection  to  the  men.  The  next  day  the 
brigade  remained  in  the  same  position.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  CAPTAIN  HAZARD,  CHIEF  OF  2D  CORPS 

ARTILLERY. 

*  *  *  Battery  B,  1st  New  York  Artillery,45  was  entirely  exhausted,  its 
ammunition  expended,  its  horses  and  men  killed  and  disabled,  the  commanding 
officer,  J.  M.  Rorty,  killed,  and  senior  first  lieutenant  severely  wounded."  The 
other  batteries  were  in  a  similar  condition.  Still,  they  bided  the  attack.  *  *  * 
Battery  B,  1st  Rhode  Island  (Brown's),43  had  expended  every  round  of  ammu 
nition,  and  the  lines  of  the  enemy  still  advancing.  Lieutenant  Gushing,76  com 
manding  A,  4th  United  States,  was  killed;  Lieutenant  Milne,  A,  1st  Rhode 
Island,  serving  with  Gushing' s  battery,  had  fallen  mortally  wounded ;  their  battery 
was  exhausted,82'87  their  ammunition  gone,  and  it  was  feared  the  guns  would  be 
lost  if  not  withdrawn  ;  at  this  trying  moment,  the  two  batteries  were  taken 
away.43  But  "Woodruffs  battery,  I,  1st  United  States,110  still  remained  in  the 
grove,  and  poured  death  and  destruction  into  the  rebel  lines.  They  had  gained 
the  crest,  and  all  seemed  lost,  and  the  enemy  exultant  rushed  in ;  but  on  reach 
ing  the  crest  they  met  our  infantry,  fresh,  and  waiting  on  the  opposite  side. 
The  tide  turned ;  backward  and  downward  rushed  the  rebel  line,  shattered  and 

a.  Volunteers  from  the  19th  Massachusetts  volunteers  assisted  in  working  the  guns  of 
this  battery. 


GETTYSBURG.—  DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 


broken,  and  the  victory  was  gained.  Woodruff,  who  had  gallantly  commanded 
his  battery  on  the  2d  and  3d  of  July,  fell  mortally  wounded  m  at  the  very 
moment  of  victory.  *  *  Batteries  from  the  reserve  artillery  of  the  army 

immediately  occupied  the  positions  vacated.1-  19~a'  I07>  125     *     *     * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  COLONEL  McGiLVERY,  COMMANDING  BRIGADE 

ARTILLERY  KESERVE. 

*  *  *  The  line  of  batteries26  under  my  command,  commencing  on  the 
left  at  an  old  oak  wood  (near  General  Torbert's  position),24  occupied  by  our 
infantry,  were  in  numbers  and  kin  i  as  follows  : — 

Ames'  battery,  G,   1st  New  York,  six  light  12-pounders. 
Dow's  battery,  6th  Maine,  four  light  12-pounders. 
Cooper's  battery,  Pennsylvania,  four  3-inch  rilled  guns. 
Lieutenant  Rock's  section,  New  Jersey,  two  3-inch  rifled  guns. 
Sterling's  battery,  Connecticut,  four  James'  rifled  guns,  two  howitzers. 
Hart's  battery,  15th  New  York,  four  light  12-ponnders. 
Phillips'  battery,  5th  Massachusetts,  six  3-inch  rifled  guns. 
Thompson's  batteries,  F  andC,  Pennsylvania,  five  3-inch  rifled  guns. 
On  the  right  of  these  was  : — 

Thomas's  battery,  C,  4th  United  States,  six  3-inch  rifled  guns.a     *  *  * 

The  infantry  appeared  in  three  extended  lines  of  battle,  of  at  least  3,500, 
advancing  upon  our  center.  These  three  lines  of  battle  presented  an  oblique 
front  to  the  guns  under  my  command,  and  by  training  the  whole  line  of  guns 
obliquely  to  the  right  we  had  a  raking  fire  through  all  three  of  these  lines.  The 
execution  of  this  fire  must  have  been  terrible,  as  it  was  over  a  (comparatively) 
level  plain,  and  the  effect  was  plain  to  be  seen  ;  in  a  few  minutes,  instead  of  a 
well-ordered  line  of  battle,  they  were  broken  and  confused  masses,  and  fugitives 
were  flying  in  every  direction.  This  ended  the  greatest  operations  of  the  bat 
teries  under  my  command  at  the  battle  of  Gettysburg.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  CAPTAIN  FiTZHUGH,65  IST  NEW  YORK  ARTIL 
LERY,  BATTERY  K,  COMMANDING  4TH  VOLUNTEER  BRIGADE,  ARTILLERY 
RESERVE. 

*  *  *  By  order  of  General  Hunt,  I  put  them1'19"1  in  position  near  the 
stone  fence  in  front  of  General  Webb's  (Gibbon's  ?)  division  of  the  2d  corps,  bat 
tery  A,  1st  New  Jersey  Artillery,1  on  the  left  of  K,  1st  New  York  Artillery.596 

a.  Daniels'  9th  Michigan.     See  note  I.  page  64. 

1>.  The  remaining  batteries  of  this  brigade  were  detached  on  special  duty  in  other  parts 
of  tho  field. 


UNION    REPORTS.  77 

At  this  time  the  enemy  were  making  a  strong  effort  to  break  the  2d  corps  line, 
their  infantry  having  charged  up  to  the  stone  fence,*4  near  a  small  wooded 
knoll  M,  about  seventy-five  yards  on  my  right. 


EXTRACT  OF  REPORT  OF  LIEUTENANT  PARSONS,  COMMANDING  BATTERY 
A,  IST  NEW  JERSEY  ARTILLERY. 

*  *  *  I  have  the  honor  to  report  that,  on  the  3d  instant,  about  3  P.  M., 
I  received  orders  from  General  Hunt  to  move  the  battery  to  the  front,  as  soon 
as  possible.  I  at  once  obeyed  the  order,  and  soon  had  the  battery1  in  position, 
about  one-fourth  of  a  mile  south  of  Gettysburg  cemetery,  Z  and  near  the  2d  di 
vision,  2d  corps  ;  Fitzhugh's  battery,1  following  immediately  after  me,  and  taking 
position  on  my  right.  At  this  time  the  enemy's  infantry  were  advancing  rapidly. 
I  at  once  opened  fire  upon  them  with  case  shot,  firing  about  120  rounds,  with 
good  effect.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  PRIVATE  LETTER  OF  CAPTAIN  COWAN,  IST  (INDEPENDENT) 
NEW  YORK  ARTILLERY. 

*  *  *  I  was  placed  in  position  by  General  Doubleday,  to  our  right 
and  front  of  his  head-quarters,10  during  the  heavy  cannonade.  *  *  * 
During  the  hottest  of  the  fire,  an  aid  (Captain  Banes)  galloped  down  from 
the  right  and  ordered  me  to  report  to  General  Webb.  I  was  under  the  orders  of 
General  Doubleday,  and  hardly  knew  if  I  ought  to  obey  General  Webb,  whom  I 
did  not  know.  While  doubting  for  an  instant,  I  looked  toward  the  higher 

O  Z3 

grounds,  and  at  the  point  where  you  have  my  battery  represented  on  your  Iso- 
mctrical  Drawing  of  the  field,  I  saw  a  general  waving  his  hat  to  me.  I  determined 
to  risk  disobeying  orders,  as  I  must  be  needed  there,  and  I  at  once  "  limbered  to 
the  rear,"  and  "  moved  by  the  left  flank  "  at  a  gallop  ;  my  cannoneers  were  mostly 
stripped  to  the  shirt,  and  as  I  gave  the  command,  "By  the  left  flank!"  they 
sprang  with  loud  cheers  upon  the  limber  chests,  and  upon  the  guns,  their  im 
plements,  which  they  had  not  time  to  replace,  still  in  their  hands.  We  gal 
loped  into  position.59  *  *  We  opened  at  once,  and  continued  pouring 
shell  upon  them  till  they  came  within  canister  range.  Then  came  the  severe 
struggle.  Our  infantry  all  at  once  became  panic-stricken,  and  broke  in  con 
fusion.  The  enemy  rushed  with  wild  cheers,  pouring  in  their  volleys,  and 
planted  their  colors  upon  the  guns  of  the  regular  battery,8' just  on  my  right,  the 
commander  of  which  had  been  killed.76  *  *  * 

General  Webb81  and  his  officers  were  gallantly  rallying  the  infantry,  and  just 
in  rear  of  the  regular  battery  were  the  colors  of  six  or  seven  regiments,  and  a 
few  score  men  fighting  around  them.  *  *  *  Fitzhugh  (with  battery  K 
1st  New  York,1  and  A,  1st  New  Jersey19"1)  was  on  my  left,  and  was  there  after 


78  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

the  fight.  It  may  be  an  interesting  fact  that  General  Hunt,  Chief  of  Artillery 
of  the  Army  of  the  Potomac,  was  in  my  battery  when  the  enemy  were  closest, 
and,  while  mounted  on  his  horse,  was  shooting  at  the  rebels  with  his  revolver. 
His  horse  was  shot  under  him,79  and  I  remounted  him  on  one  of  my  sergeant's 
horses.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  LETTER  OF  COLONEL  MORGAX. 

*  *  *  As  for  the  batteries  that  relieved  Gushing  and  Arnold,  they  be 
longed,  as  I  remember,  to  the  6th  corps,  the  leading  one  being  commanded  by 
Martin,  5th  artillery,113  with  whom  I  rode.  The  other  battery  I  don't  re 
member."  I  met  Colonel  Tompkins,121  chief  of  the  6th  corps  artillery,  on  the 
Taneytown  road,Y  not  far  from  General  Meade's  head-quarters.  * 

a  Butler's.  G,  2d  United  States. 


CONFEDEEATE  EEPOETS. 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  GENERAL  J.  N".  PENDLETON,  CHIEF 

OF    CONFEDERzVTE    ARTILLERY. 

*  *  *  By  direction  of  the  commanding-general,  the  artillery  along  our  en 
tire  line  was  to  be  prepared  for  opening,  as  early  as  possible  on  the  morning  of  the 
3d,  a  concentrated  and  destructive  fire;  consequent  upon  which  a  general  advance 
was  to  be  made.  The  right  was,  if  practicable,  to  sweep  the  enemy  from  his  strong 
hold  on  that  flank.  Visiting  the  lines  at  a  very  early  hour,  I  found,  by  Colonel 
Alexander's  energy,  much  already  accomplished  on  the  right.  Henry's  battal 
ion134  held  about  its  original  position  on  the  flank  ;  Alexander's  battalion136  was 
next,  in  front  of  the  peach  orchard  H  .  Then  came  the  Washington  (New  Orleans) 
artillery  battalion,139  under  Major  Eshleman,  and  Dearing's  battalion140  on  his  left; 
*  *  *  and,  beyond  Dearing,  Cabell's  battalion144  had  been  arranged,  making 
nearly  sixty  guns  for  that  wing,  all  well  advanced  in  a. sweeping  chase  of  about  a 
mile.  *  *  *  To  the  3d  corps  artillery  attention  was  also  given;  Major  Poague's 
battalion  149'154  had  been  advanced  to  the  line  of  the  right  wing.  *  *  * 
The  other  battalions  of  this  corps  152- 157>  15S-a- 159  (a  portion  of  Garnett's  being  in 
reserve  under  Major  Richardson),  held  their  position  of  the  day  before,  as  did 
those  of  the  2d  corps.  161> 162- 163>  "°  *  *  *  At  length,  about  1  o'clock  p.  M., 
on  the  concerted  signal,  our  guns  in  position,  nearly  one  hundred  and  fifty, 
opened  fire  along  the  entire  line,  from  right  to  left.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  LIEUTENANT-GENERAL  JAMES  LONGSTREET, 
COMMANDING  1ST  CORPS  C.  S.  A. 

The  commanding-general  joined  me,  and  ordered  a  column  of 
attack  to  be  formed  of  Pickett's,  Heth's,  and  a  part  of  Pender's  divisions.  The 
assault  to  be  made  directly  at  the  enemy's  main  position,  the  Cemetery  hill, 
the  distance  to  be  passed  over  under  the  fire  of  the  enemy's  batteries,  and  in 
plain  view,  seemed  too  great  to  insure  great  results,  particularly  as  two-thirds 
of  the  troops  to  be  engaged  in  the  assault  had  been  in  a  severe  battle  two  days 
previous,  Pickett's  division  alone  being  fresh. 

Orders  were  given  to  Major-General  Pickett  to  form  his  line  under  the  best 
cover  that  he  could  get  from  the  enemy's  batteries,  and  that  the  center  of  the 


§0  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

assaulting  column  would  arrive  at  the  salient  of  the  enemy's  position,"  Gen 
eral  Pickett's  line  to  be  the  guide,  and  attack  the  line  of  the  enemy's  de 
fenses,  and  General  Pettigrew,  in  command  of  Ilcth's  division,  moving  on  the 
same  line  as  General  Pickett,  was  to  assault  the  salient  M  at  the  same  moment. 
Pickett's  division  was  arranged  two  brigades  in  the  front  line,  supported  by 
his  third  brigade,  and  Wilcox's  brigade  was  ordered  to  move  in  rear  of  his 
(Pickett's)  right  flank,  to  protect  it  from  any  force  that  the  enemy  might 
attempt  to  bring  against  it. 

Ileth's  division,  under  the  command  of  Brigadier-General  Pettigrew,  was 
arranged  in  two  lines,  and  these  supported  by  part  of  Major-General  Pander's 
division,  under  command  of  Major-General  Trimble.  All  of  the  batteries  of 
the  1st  and  3d  corps,  and  some  of  those  of  the  2d,  were  put  in  the  best  posi 
tion  for  effective  fire  upon  the  point  of  attack,  and  the  hill  occupied  by  the 
enemy's  left.  *  *  *  The  signal  guns  opened,  and  all  the  guns  opened  very 
handsomely.  *  *  *  The  advance  of  the  infantry  was  made  in  very  fine 
style,  all  the  troops  keeping  their  lines  accurately,  and  taking  the  fire  of  the  bat 
teries  with  oreat  coolness  and  deliberation.  *  *  *  The  enemy's  batteries 
37, 26, 45,  ST,  iio,i2i  gOOn  opened  upon  our  lines  with  canister,  and  the  left  seemed  to 
stagger  under  it,  but  the  advance  was  resumed  with  some  degree  of  steadiness. 
Pickett's  troops  did  not  appear  to  be  checked  by  the  batteries,  and  only  halted 
to  deliver  fire  when  close  under  musket  range. 

Major-General  Anderson's  division  I35>  137>  145>148' 151  was  ordered  forward  to  sup 
port  and  assist  the  moving  columns  of  Pettigrew  and  Trimble.  Pickett's 
troops,  after  delivering  their  fire,  advanced  to  the  charge,  and  entered  the 
enemy's  lines,  capturing  some  of  his  batteries,8'2  and  gaining  his  works.84  About 
the  same  moment,  the  troops  that  had  before  hesitated  broke  their  ranks,  and 
fell  back  in  great  disorder,  many  more  falling  under  the  enemy's  fire  in  retiring 
than  while  they  were  attacking;  this  gave  the  enemy  time  to  throw  his  entire 
force  upon  Picket!,  with  a  strong  prospect  of  being  able  to  break  up  his  lines 
or  destroy  him  before  Anderson's  division  could  reach  him,  which,  in  its  turn, 
would  have  greatly  exposed  Anderson.  lie  was  therefore  ordered  to  halt.  In 
a  few  moments  the  enemy,  marching  against  both  flanks,62' 63>  9S  and  the  front77'81 
of  Pickett's  division,  overpowered  it  and  drove  it  back,  capturing  about  half  of 
those  of  it  who  were  not  killed  or  wounded.  General  Wright,151  of  Anderson's 
division,  was  ordered,  with  all  of  his  officers,  to  rally  and  collect  the  scattered 
troops  behind  Anderson's  division,  and  many  of  my  staff  officers  were  sent  to 
assist  in  the  same  service.  *  *  * 

a.  I  have  been  informed  by  Colonel  Harrison,  General  Pickett's  adjutant  and  inspector- 
general,  while  visiting  the  field  with  him  at  Gettysburg,  that  the  "  copse  of  trees  "  M  on 
General  Webb's  front  was  the  point  on  which  the  troops  were  directed  to  advance.  These 
trees,  being  relieved  in  clear  outline  against  the  sky  when  seen  from  the  Confederate  lines, 
formed  an  unmistakable  landmark. 


CONFEDERATE   REPORTS. 


EXTRACT  FUO.M  REPORT  OF  BRIGADIER-GENERAL  DAVIS,  HETH'S  DIVISION. 

*  *  *  The  division160'166'169'172  moved  off  in  line,  and  passing  the  wooded 
crest  of  the  hill,  descended  to  the  open  fields  that  lay  between  us  and  the 
enemy.  Not  a  gnu  was  fired  at  us  until  we  reached  the  strong  post  and  rail 
fence,  about  three-quarters  of  a  mile  from  the  enemy's  position,  when  we  were 
met  bv  a  heavy  fire  of  grape,  canister,  and  shell,110-1-2  which  told  sadly  upon  our 
ranks.  Under  this  destructive  fire,  which  commanded  our  front  and  left  with 
fatal  effect,  the  troops  displayed  great  coolness,  were  well  in  hand,  and  moved 
steadilv  forward,  regularly  closing  up  the  gaps  made  in  their  ranks.  Our 
advance  across  the  field  was  interrupted  by  other  fences  of  a  similar  character, 
in  crossing  which  the  alignment  became  more  or  less  deranged.  This  was  in 
each  case  promptly  rectified,  and  though  its  ranks  were  growing  thinner  at 
every  step,  this  division  moved  steadily  on  in  line  with  the  troops  on  the  right. 

\Vhen  within  musket  range,  we  encountered  a  heavy  fire  of  small-arms,100 
from  which  we  suffered  severely;  but  this  did  not  for  a  moment  check  the 
advance.  *  '•'•"  *  The  whole  division  dashed  up  to  his  first  line  of  defense, 
a  stone  wall,  behind  which  the  opposing  infantry  were  strongly  posted.  Here 
we  were  subjected  to  a  most  galling  fire  of  musketry  y;j- Iul- 102> 102"1' 105-  105-a- 106> lus  and 
artillerv,n'J  that  so  reduce'.]  our  already  thinned  ranks  that  any  further  effort  to 
carry  the  position  was  hopeless,  and  there  was  nothing  left  but  to  retire  to  the 
position  originally  held,  which  was  done  in  more  or  less  confusion.  *  *  * 
The  number  killed  and  wounded  was  very  great,  and  in  officers  unusually 
so,  as  may  be  seen  from  the  fact  that  in  Archer's  brigade  but  two  field 
officers  escaped,  in  Petti grew's  but  one,  and  in  Davis's  all  were  killed  or 
wounded.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  COLOXEL  SHEPARD,  ARCHER'S  BRIGADE. 

*  *  *  In  the  engagement  of  the  3d,  Archer's  brigade160  was  on  the 
right  of  our  division.  As  we  advanced,  the  right  of  Archer's  brigade  touched 
the  left  of  Pickett's  division.150  *  *  *  The  enemy  held  their  fire  until  we 
were  in  fine  range,  then  opened  upon  us  a  terrible  and  well-directed  fire." 
Within  eighty  or  one  hundred  yards  of  his  works'14  we  came  to  a  lane  (Em- 
mettsburg  road)  L,  inclosed  in  two  stout  "  post  and  rail "  fences.  This  was  a 
very  great  obstruction  to  us,  but  the  men  rushed  on,  as  rapidly  as  they  could, 
and  advanced  directly  upon  the  enemy's  works,  the  first  line  of  which  was  com 
posed  of  rough  stones.'4  The  enemy89  abandoned  this;  but  just  in  rear  was 
massed  in  heavy  force.83  By  the  time  we  had  reached  this  work  our  lines,  all 
along  as  far  as  I  could  see,  had  become  very  much  weakened.  Indeed  the  line, 
both  to  the  right  and  left,  as  far  as  I  could  observe,  seemed  to  melt  aivayt 
until  there  was  but  little  of  it  left.  Every  flag  in  the  brigade,  except  one,  was 
captured,  at  or  within  the  works  of  the  enemy.  The  first  Tennessee  had  three 


82  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE   KEY. 

color-bearers  shot  down,  the  last  of  whom  was  at  the  works,  and  the  flag  cap 
tured.  The  13th  Alabama  had  three  in  the  same  way,  the  last  of  whom  was 
shot  down  at  the  works.  The  14th  Tennessee  had  four  shot  down,  the  last 
of  whom  was  at  the  enemy's  works,  and  the  flag  was  only  saved  by  Captain 
Morris  tearing  it  away  from  the  staff,  and  bringing  it  out  beneath  his  coat.  The 
5th  Alabama  battalion  also  lost  their  flag  at  the  enemy's  works.  There  were 
seven  field  officers  that  went  into  the  charge,  only  two  of  whom  came  out, 
*  *  *  The  loss  in  company  officers  was  nearly  in  the  same  proportion. 
Our  loss  in  men  was  also  heavy.  We  went  into  the  fight,  on  the  1st,  with 
1,048  men,  677  of  whom  were  killed,  wounded,  or  captured  during  the 
engagement.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  MAJOR  JONES,  PETTIGREW'S   XORTII  CARO 
LINA  BRIGADE. 

*  *  *  When  about  half-way  across  the  intervening  space,  the  enemy 
opened  upon  us  a  most  .destructive  fire  of  grape  and  canister.  "When  within 
about  250  or  300  yards  of  the  stone  wall  behind  which  the  enemy  were  posted, 
we  were  met  with  a  perfect  hail-storm  of  lead  from  their  small-arms.*9'  ™>  "">  m>  m-& 
The  brigade  had  dashed  on,  and  many  had  reached  the  wall/4  when  we  received 
a  deadly  volley  from  the  left.105'106  The  whole  line  on  the  left  had  o-iven  way, 
and  we  were  being  rapidly  flanked.6'2'63'98  With  our  thin  ranks,  and  in  such 
position,  it  would  have  been  folly  to  stand  against  such  odds,  we,  therefore, 
fell  back  to  our  original  position.  *  *  * 

After  this  day's  fight  but  one  field  officer  was  left  in  the  brigade.  Regi 
ments  that  went  in  with  colonels  came  out  commanded  by  lieutenants.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM   REPORT   OF   FENDER'S   NORTH  CAROLINA  DIVISION,  BY 
ASSISTANT-ADJITTANT-GENERAL  ENGELHARD. 

*  *  *  The  command  of  the  division  devolved  upon  General  Lane. 
(General  Fender  was  wounded  on  the  2d.)  The  brigades  of  General  Thomas 
and  Colonel  Fcrrin  were  moved  forward  to  a  road.168  *  *  *  Supporting  these 
two  brigades  with  his  own  (Lane's),  commanded  by  Colonel  Avery,  and  Scales' 
brigade,  commanded  by  Colonel  Lourance.  *  *  *  During  the  morning 
of  the  3d,  General  Lane  received  an  order  from  General  II ill  to  report  in 
person,  with  the  two  brigades  forming  his  second  line,  to  Lieutenant- 
General  Long-street,  as  a  support  to  General  Fettigrew.  Formed  in 
the  rear  of  the  right  of  lleth's  division,  commanded  by  General  Fettigrew. 
Having  executed  this  order,  General  Lane  was  relieved  of  the  command  by 
Major-General  Trimble  (and  himself  returned  to  the  command  of  his  own 
brigade).  *  *  *  Advanced  in  close  supporting  distance  of  Fettigrew's  line. 
*  *  *  The  division  in  front  gaining  ground  to  the  right,  uncovered  the  left 


CONFEDERATE   REPORTS.  g3 

of  Lane's  brigade.167  When  within  a  few  hundred  yards  of  the  enemy's  works, 
the  line  in  front  being  entirely  gone,  the  division156-167  moved  rapidly  up,  con- 
nectino-  with  the  troops  on  the  right,150-153  still  stubbornly  contesting  the  ground 
with  the  enemy,  reserving  their  fire  until  within  easy  range,  and  then  opening 
with  telling  effect,  driving  the  artillerists  from  their  guns,82  completely  silencing 
them,  and  breaking  the  line  of  infantry  supports  formed  on  the  crest  of  the 
hill.  All  the  o-uris  in  the  immediate  front  of  the  division  were  silenced,82  and 
the  infantry89  had  fallen  behind  their  second  and  third  lines  of  defense,83  when 
the  division,  advancing  in  an  oblique  direction,  the  right  of  which  had  reached 
the  works,84  was  compelled  to  fall  back.  *  *  *  In  this  attack  Major-Gen 
eral  Trimble  was  severely  wounded.158  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM   REPORT  OF  COLONEL  LOURANCE   COMMANDING   SCALES' 
NORTH  CAROLINA  BRIGADE.156. 

*  *  *  We  advanced  upon  the  enemy's  line,  which  was  in  full  view,  at 
the  distance  of  one  mile.  All  went  forward  with  a  cool  and  steady  step ;  but 
ere  we  had  advanced  over  two-thirds  of  the  way  troops  from  the  front  came 
tearing  through  our  ranks,  which  caused  many  of  our  own  men  to  break ;  but 
with  the  remaining  few  we  went  forward  until  the  right  of  the  brigade  touched 
the  enemy's  line  of  breastworks,84  as  we  marched  in  rather  an  oblique  line. 
Here  many  were  shot  down,  being  exposed  to  a  heavy  fire  of  grape26'59  and 
musketry62' 63  on  our  right  flank.  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  GENERAL  LANE,  COMMANDING  NORTH 
CAROLINA  BRIGADE.167 

*  *  *  AVe  advanced  to  within  a  few  yards  of  the  stone  wall,  exposed  all 
the  while  to  a  heavy  raking  artillery  fire  on  the  right.1'59  My  left  was  here  very 
much  exposed,  and  a  column  of  the  enemy's  infantry98  was  thrown  forward  in  that 
direction,  which  enfiladed  my  whole  line.  This  forced  me  to  withdraw.  Our 
great  loss  but  too  sadly  tells  the  gallant  bearing  of  my  command ;  six  hundred 
and  sixty  (660)  out  of  an  effective  total  of  thirteen  hundred  and  fifty-five 
(1,355).  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  GENERAL  WILCOX'S  REPORT,  OF  THE  ALABAMA  BRIGADE. 

*  The  brigade  was  formed  in  line  parallel  to  the  Emmettsbtiro;  road, 
and  about  two  hundred  yards  from  it,  artillery  139- 14°  being  in  front.  *  *  * 
Pickett's  division  now  advanced,  and  other  brigades  on  my  left.  *  *  *  The 
advance  had  not  been  made  more  than  twenty  minutes  before  three  staff  officers, 


g4  GETTYSBURG— DESCRIPTIVE  KEY. 

in  quick  succession,  one  from  the  major-general  commanding  division,  gave  me 
orders  to  advance  to  the  support  of  Pickett's  division;  my  brigade,  about 
twelve  hundred  in  number,  tlien  moved  forward.135  *  *  * 


EXTRACT  FROM  REPORT  OF  COLONEL  LANG,  COMMANDING  PERRY'S 
FLORIDA  BRIGADE.^ 

*  *  *  i  received  orders  from  General  Anderson14-  to  connect  my  right 
with  General  Wilcox's135  left,  and  conform  my  movements  dining  the  day  to 
those  of  his  brigade.  General  Wilcox  began  to  advance,  and,  in  accordance 
with  previous  orders  to  conform  to  his  movements,  I  moved  forward  also,  under 
a  heavy  fire  from  artillery.26' lj  59>  *  *  * 

NOTE. — Many  other  letters  and  reports  have  been  consulted  in  preparing  the  design  for 
the  painting  of  the  Battle  of  Gettysburg,  from  which  some  additional,  and  much  corrobo 
rative  material  was  obtained  ;  but  the  foregoing  are  the  most  important  extracts  from  the 
records  of  the  battle. 


INDEX. 


KF.T.  PAOK 

Abbott,  Captain 09 

136  Alexander's  Artillery — Moody's,  Taylor's,  Rhett's,  Parker,  Jordan's  and  Woolfolk's  Batteries..  24 

Ames,  Brig. -Gen oral 19 

Amsberg,  General   ....    54 

142  Anderson,  Major-General 14,  15, 19,  22,  29,  80,  84 

1-27  Anderson's  Bri:;.  (7th.  >th,  9th,  llth,  and  59th  Ga.  Eeg'ts.) 21 

91    Ar.srle  in  the  Stono.  Wall 

J  Apple  Orchard 15,  IS,  24 

100  Archer's  Brigade  (Col.  F  rye's)  (1st,  7th,  14th  Teim.,  13th  Ala.  Reg'ts.  and  5th  Ala.  Battalion) 

22,  27,  29,  80,  81 

146  Armistead.  Brijr.-General 29,  33,  34,  63,  66,  67 

153  Armistead's  Brigade  (9th,  14th,  3Sth,  53d,  and  57th  Va.  Reg'ts) 

ARTILLERY. 

136  Alexander.  Colonel,  Battalion  (Con.') 24,  79 

26  Ames's  Battery,  G,  1st  N.  Y 39,  65,  76 

170  Armstrong  Guns  on  Oak  Hill  (Con.) 25 

113  Arnold's  Battery,  A.  1st  R.  1 40,  64 

Bancroft's  Battery.  G.  4th  U.  S 25 

16  Bann-s's  Battery.  G,  1st  X.  Y.  (5th  Corps) 48 

140  Bioufs  Battery  (Co?z.) 24 

157   Blunder's  Battery  (<'oit.) 24 

149  Bruoks's  Battery  (On.) 24 

43  Brown's  Battery,  B.  1st  II.  I 37.  38,  39,  43,  64.,  75 

124  Butler's  Battery,  G,  2d  U.  S 42 

14 1  Oi'»  ill's  Battalion  (Con.) 24,  79 

94  Calefs  (Tidball's)  Battery,  A,  2d  U.  S 16 

144  Carlton's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

140  Caskie's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

2o  Cooper's  Battery,  B,  1  >t  I'a 39,  C5.  76 

65  Cowan's  Battery,  13th  New  York  (Independent) , 42,  43,  65 

1  "j  c-i rriin Cham's  Battery  «.'<>».} 25 

bl  Casing's  Battery.  A."4th  U.  S 36,  37.  40,  04,  60,  67,  75 

Dana's  Battalion"  ( (  on.) 25 

26  Daniels's  9th  Mich,  (horse)  Battery.  See  McGilvery's  Artillery 39,76 

140  Dearin^'s  Battalion  (Coj>.) 24,  29,  79 

Dil-er's  Battery.  I,  1st  Ohio 25 

26  Dow's  Battery,  Oth  Maine 39,  65,  76 

Eakin's  Battery,  II.  1  st  l~.  S 25 

Ed-ell's  Battery,  1st  N.  II 25 

44  Elder's  Battery,  E.  4th  U.  S 48 

139  Eshleman's  Battalion  (Con.) 24.  79 

1  Fitzhu-h's  Battery.  K.  1st  N.  Y 43,  44,  65,  76 

1  Fi-azer  s  Battery  (Con.) 24 

152  Garnett's  Battalion  (<  on.) 24.  79 

34  Gibb's  Battery,  L.  1st  Ohio 39,  65 

55  Graham's  Battery.  K.  1st  U.  S 48 

157  Graham's  Battery  ((_  on.) 24,  25 

161  Happ's  Battery  (Con.) 25 

159  Hart's  Battery  ( (  on.) 25 

26  Hart's  Battery,  loth  N.  Y..  (Independent.) 39,  65,  76 

43  Hazard's  Battery  (see  Brown's  B,  1st  K.  1.) 37,  89,  43,  64,  75 

37  Hazlett's  (RittenhouseV)  Battery,  1),  5th  U.  S 39 

134  Henry's  Battalion  ((on.) ". 24,  79 

19-a  Hexamer's  Battery  (see  Parsons),  A,  1st  X.  J 44 

Hill's  Battery,  C,  1st  West  Ya 25 

79  Hunt,  Brig. -General,  Chief  of  Union  Artillery 25,  26,  23,  39,  40,  42,  43,  54,  64 

Huntinirton's  Battery  (Ohio) 25 

159  Johnson's  Battery.  (Con.) 25 

136  Jordan's  Battery  ( Con.)  24 

158-a  Lane's  Battalion  (Con.) 24 

134  Latham's  Battery  ( f  'on.) 24 

152  Lewis's  Battery  ( <  on.) 24 

123  McCartney's  Battery  ( Mass.) 42 

144  McCarthy's  Battery  (Cnn.) , 24 

157  MeGraw's  Bat  terv '( <  'on.) 24 

26  McGil very 's  Brigade,  Reserve  Artillery 26,  39,  45,  46,  64,  73,  76 

159  Melntosb/s  Battalion  (Con.) " 25 


86  INDEX. 

KEY. 

140  Macon's  Battery  (Con.) 

144  Manly's  Battery  (Con.) 

157  Manye's  Battery  (Con.) 

17  Martin,  Capt.,  Chief  5th  Corps  Artillery; 39,  48,  54,  (is 

Martin's  Battery,  C,  Massachusetts '. ..  .  4s 

Martin's  Battery,  F,  5th  U.  S 42 

152  Maurin's  Battery  (Con.) 21 

139  Miller's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

136  Moody's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

139  Xorcum's  Battery  ( Con.) 24 

122  Osborne,  Major,  Chief  llth  Corps  Artillery 25.  41,  65,  72 

136  Parker's  Battery  (Con.) .'.  24 

19-a  Parson's  (Ilexamer's)  Battery,  A,  1st  X.  J 44,  65.  7i{ 

15S-a  Patterson's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

157  Pegram's  Battalion  (Con.) 24 

26  Phillips'  Batter\r.  5th  Massachusetts 39,  65.  76 

149  &  154  Poague's  Battalion  (Con.) 24.  71) 

134  Reilly's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

136  Rhett's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

159  Rice's  Battery  (Con.) 25 

139  Richardson's  "Battery 24 

Rickett's  Battery,  F  &  G.  1  st  Pennsylvania 19 

37  Rittenhouse's  (Hazlett's)  Battery,  D,  5th  U.  S 39,  (15 

26  Rock's  Section  (New  Jersey) (55.  76 

153-a  Ross's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

45  Rorty's  Battery,  B,  1st  N.  Y 37.  39,  64.  75 

162  Smith's  Battery  (Con. )  25 

26  Sterling's  Battery,  1st  Connecticut 39,  65,  70 

140  Stribbling's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

Taft's  Battery,  5th  N.  Y.  (Independent) 25 

136  Taylor's  Battery  ( Con.) 26 

94  Tidball's  Battery  (Seeley's),  A,  2d  U.  S 16 

26  Thomas's  Battery,  C.  4th  U.  S 39,  64.  76 

26  Thompson's  Battery,  G  &  F.  Pennsylvania  (Independent)   3D,  64,  76 

125  Trevor,  Sergeant  (see  Wier's  Battery),  C,  5th  U.  S 42 

149  Vozatt's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

157  Ward's  Battery"  (Con) 24 

163  Watson's  Battery  (<'on.) 25 

107  Wheeler's  Battery.  13th  N.  Y.  (Independent) 25.  42 

125  Wier's  Battery,  0,  5th  U.  S 42.  65 

Wiedrk-k's  Battery,  I,  1st  N.  Y 19 

153-a  Wingiield's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

110  Woodruff's  Battery,"!,  1st  U.  S 35,  41,  63,  64,  72,  75.  76 

136  Woolfolk's  Battery  ( <  «?/.) 24 

157  Zimmerman's  Battery  (Con.) 24 

167  A  very,  Col.  (Lane's  Brigade) S2 

32  Ayers,  Brig. -General,  2d  Div..  5th  Corps 15,  IS,  46,  47.  54.  75 

83  Banes,  Capt.  (Gen.  Webb's  Staff) 34.  37,  83 

31  Barnes,  Brig.-General,  1st  Div..  5th  Corps 15  1 S  45 

33  Barksdale's  Bri-.  (13th,  17th,  18th,  and  21st  Miss.  Reg'ts)    19,  22 

Barlow,  Brig.-General  (wounded),  1st  Div.,  llth  Corps  (see  Ames) 16 

Barrows,  Li  eut 23 

33  Bartlett,  Brig.-Gen..  2d  Brier..  3d  Div..  6th  Corps  (5th  Me,  121st  N.  Y..  95th  and  96th  Pa.  Yols.).  46 

117  Baxter,   Brig.-General,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  1st  Corps  (S3d,  97th  N.  Y.,  Ssth,  90th  Pa.,  and  12th 

Mass.  Yols.) 41 

Baxter,  Col.  (72d  Pa.  Yols.) 37,  33.  54 

Benedict.    Lieut .    .  30,3540 

7  Berdan,  Col.,  2d  Brig.,  1st  Div.,  3d  Corps  (3d,  4th  Me.,  20th  Ind.,  86th,  124th  N.  Y.,  99th  Pa. 

Yols.,  and  1st  and  2d  U.  S.  Sharp-shooters) 43.  54 

123  Benniriic's  Brig.  (2d.  15th.  17th,  and  20th  Ga.  Reg'ts) 21 

75  Bingham,  Captain  (General  Hancock's  Staff). S3.  34 

3  Birney,  Major-General,  commanding  3d  Corps 15,  Is.  19,  43  72 

N  Bliss'  Buildings 23.  71 

21  Brewster,  Col.,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  3d  Corps  (1st,  2d,  3d,4ih,  5th  Excelsior,  and  120th  N.Y.  Yols.)  44,  45,  54 

Brinton,  Dr 34 

172  Brokenborongh's  Brigade  (23d,  40th. 47th,  55th  Ya.  Reg'ts  and  22d  Battalion) 23 

28  Brooke,  Col.,  4th  Brig.,  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps  (2d  Del.,  27th  Conn.,  64th  N.  Y.,53d  and  145th  Pa. 

Vols.) 19,  45,  46 

TV  Bryan's  house 40.  41 

Bull,  Lieut-Col.,  126th  N.  Y.  Yols 40   71 

19  Burlinar,  Col.,  3d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  3d  Corps  (2d  N.  II.,  5th,  6th,  7th,  8th  N.  J.,  and  115th  Pa.  Yols.)     45.  54 

32-b  Bin-bank,  Col,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div..  5th  Corps  (2d,  7th,  10th,  llth,  and  17th  U.  S.  Infantry) 47,  75 

Buford,  Brig.-General.  1st  Div.  Cavalry 16 

Candy's  Brigade  (1st).  2d  Div.,  12th  Corps 21 

23  Caldwell,  Brig.-General,  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps 15,  18,  35,  45,  46,  73.  74 

Carlisle  Road". 16 

19-b  Carr,  Brig. -Gen.,  1st  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  3d  Corps  (1st,  llth,  16th  Mass.,  llth  N.  J.,12thN.  II.,  and 

26th  Pa.  Yols.) 44,  45.  54 

Carroll's  Brigade 19.  40,  72 

Z  Cemetery  Hill 12,  13,  14,  16,  17,  19,  25,  33,  41,  42,  62,  64,  73.  79 

Ridge 12,  13,  14,  17,  19,  25,  33 

Chamberlain,  General 54 

E  Chambersburg  Turnpike 14,  16 

Coates,  Capt.,  commanding  1st  Minn.  Vols 69 

Colgrove's  Brigade 21 


INDEX.  8T 

KEY.  I' AGE 

Colville.  Colonel 42 

96  Color-,  Army  Head-quarters 12,  13,  33,  34 

4th  Mich.  Vols 32 

5  «        2d  Div.,  2d  Corps 44 

S:>        "        Hall's  Brigade 33 

85        "        Webb's  Brigade S3 

M  Pops.-  of  Trees 9,  86,  87,  88,  66,  63,  69,  SO 

K  Cordora's  house 14,  16, 13,  24,  23 

Corps  l>t 14.  10.  U»,  20,  3S,  44,  72.73 

'.        0,1 15,  IS,  19,  42.  03.  G4,  70,  71.  72,  74,  76 

"       3d 15,  17.  11).  20.  43.  44^  73.  74 

"        5th 15,  1  s,  19.  45.  40,  47.  75 

"        Gth lit.  21.  42.  44.  45,  40,  47,  74 

'•      llth 14.  1C.  17.  19,20.  2fi.  34.  41,  72,  73 

"      12th 16,  17.  19,  20,  21 

"     Lee's 16 

"      Lor^street's IS.  22 

«      Hill's 17,  22.  23 

"      Eweli's 17 

112  Coulter.   Col..  1st  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  1st  Corps  (107th   Pa.,  16th  Me.,  94th.  104th  X.  Y.,  and  13th 

Mass.  Vols.) 41,  54 

53  Crawford.  Bri-.-General,  3d  Div.,  5th  Corps 4G,  47,  54 

52  Cross,  Col.  (killed,  July  2d),  1st  Bri«,'.,  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps  (see  Frazer,  Col.) 19 

Gulp's  Hill n,  IT,  19.  21,  34,  44,  73 

76  Cashing.  Lieut.,  Battery  A,  4th  U.  S 86.  42,  75 

103  (Limber) 30,  37,  40 

Custer  Brie. -General,  2d  Bri<_'..  3d  Div.  Cav 43 

9  Dana.  Col.. "2(1  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  1st  Corps  (143d,  149th,  and  150th  Pa.  Vols.) 44.54 

Darrow,  C:ipt.,  commanding  S2d  N.  Y.  Vols G9 

8°-a  Day.  Col..  1st  BriiT..  2d  Div..  5th  Corps  (3d.  4th.  6th.  12th,  and  14th  U.  S.  Infantrv) 47.  75 

169  Davis' s  Briir.  (2d.  llth.  42d  Miss.,  and  55th  X.  C.  Eeg'ts).. ." 23,  27.  81 

71  Devereux,  Col.  (19th  Mass.  Vols.) 28,  3T,  38,  54,  63,  66 

E  Devil's  Den 12,  15. 18 

10  Doubleday.  Major-General,  3d  Div.,  1st  Corps 16,  19,  39,  43,  54 

Duffee.  Mai'.r.  C9th  Penn.  Vols 37 

Earlv's  Division 19 

Esan,  Lt..  1^  U.  S.  Artillery 62 

Fllin^wood.  Capt.,  commanding  15th  Mass.  Vols 69 

L    Ernmettsbur-  Road 14.  1G,  IS,  22,  27,  41,  66,  72,  SI,  S3 

En-elhard,  Major  (Per.der's  Division) 82 

12  Eustis,  Bri-.-C-en.,  2d  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  Gth  Corps  (2d  K.  I.,  7th,  10th,  and  37th  Mass.  Vols.) 44,  74 

Ewell,  Lieut. -General 17,  21 

Excelsior  Re-'ts  (see  70th.  71st,  72d,  73d,  and  74th  N.  Y.  Vols.) 45 

P  Fail-field  Road 14,  16 

40  Farnswoi-rh,  Brig.-G-n.  (killed),  1st  Bris.,  3d  Div.  Cavalry  (1st  Vt.,  1st  \Vest  Va.,  5th  X.Y.,  and 

13th  Pa.  Vol.  Cav.) 48 

74  Farrell   Captain,  commanding  Division  Provost  Guard 42 

33  Fisher,  Col..  3  1  Bri-.,  3d  Div.,  5th  Corps  (5th,  12th  Penn.  Reserves) 47 

Fowler.  General 54 

o°  Fnzcr  Co!    3d  Bri".  (Zook's),  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps  (52d.  57th,  6Gth  X.  Y.,  and  14  »th  Pa.  Vols.)  ..      45.  46 

160  Frve,  Col.  (see  Archer's  Brisad.-) 23.  29 

150  Garnett's  Bri-.  (>th.  l^rh,  10th.  2Sth.  and  56th  Va.  Eeg'ts) 22,  23,  29 

Gates,  Col .  2  i;h  X'-w  York  State  Militia 39,  70 

3G  Garrard  Col,  3d  Brig.  (Weed's),  2d  Div.,  5th  Corps  (91st,  155th  Pa..   140th  and  140th  X.  Y. 

Vols. ) ." 4G,  75 

Gettvsbur- 13.  14.  16.  17 

41  Gibbon,  Bri -.'.-General,  2d  Div.,  2d  Corps 14,  15,  28,  35,  3S.  43,  54,  55,  63.  64,  65.  67.  76 

Graham,  B:  i  :.-<  J-eneral  (icounded  and  prisoner') 19,  54 

Gearv's  Division  (2d),  12th  Corps 20,  21,  54 

30  Grant.  Col..  2  I  Brig .  2d  Div.,  6th  Corps  (2d,  3d,  4th,  5th,  and  Gth  Vt.  Vols.) 47 

Greene's  Brigade  (3d).  2d  Div..  12th  Corps 20,  54 

Ore""-  Bri".-General,  2d  Div.  Cav 48,  54 

77  Hall,  Col.,  3d  Brigade,  2d  C'orps 28, 8T,  88,  42,  54,  68,  64,  66,  6T,  69 

Hamilton,  Lieut.  (Acting  Adj't,  59th  N.  Y.  Vols.) 63 

49  Hancock.  Maior-General 11,  19,  26,  23,  29,  34,  35,  37,  38,  54,  63,  67,  68,  73 

Harrisbur-  Road 16 

Harrison,  Colonel  (General  Pickett's  Adj't-General) 22,  54,  SO 

8  Harrow.  Britr.-General,  l.-t  Brier.,  2d  Div.,  2d  Corps 23,  35,  38,  39,  43,  44,  63,  64,  66 

92  Ilaskell,' Lieut.  (Gen.  Gibbons' "Staff) 37,  62 

Hayes1  Bri-adc 19 

100  Hays,  Bri-.-General,  3d  Div.,  2d  Corps 23,  26,  27  86,  40.  41,  55,  63,  71 

37  Hazlett,  Lieut..  Bafy  D,  5th  U.  S 39 

70  Hazard.  Capt.,  Chief  2d  Corps  Artillery 39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  54 

Heath.  Col.,  19th  Maine  Vols ." 69 

II err' s  Tavern 16 

Heth's  Division 22,  79,  SO,  82 

Hildebrant.  Maj.  (39th  X.  Y.  Vols.) 71 

Hill,  Lieut. -General IT,  25,  82 

Hoke's  Brigade 19 

Hood's  Division 18,  21 

Hooker,  Lieut 35 

119  Howard,  Maior-General.  llth  Corps 17,  33,  40,  41,  54,  62,  63 

13  Howe,  Bri2.-Gen..  2d  Div..  6th  Corps 47,  48,  72 

79  Hunt.  Bri-.-General.  Chief  of  Artillery 25.  26.  28.  39,  40.  42.  43,  54.  64 

20  Humphreys,  Major-General,  2d  Div.,  3d  Corps 15,  19,  44,  45.  54,  73,  74 

6  Infantry— 3d  Me.,  20th  Ind.,  and  99th  Pa.  Vols 43 


88  INDEX. 

KEY.  PAGE 

Intermediate  Ridge  (Sickles'  Ridge) 14,  15,  IS,  23,  24 

Isometrical  Drawing 13 

Jetivrs,  Col.,  4th  Mich.  Vols y>2 

106  Jones,  Major  ( Pettigrew's  Brigade) 82 

Johnson's  Division 19,  20,  24 

Kane's  Brigade  (2d).  2d  Div..  12th  Corps 21,  54 

2G-a  Kelley,  Co].,  2d  Brig.,  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps  (28th  Mass.,  63d,  69th,  SMh  N.  Y.,  and  110th  Pa.  Vols.)  45 

Kemper,  Brig. -General 29 

143  Kemper's  Brier.  (1st,  3d,  7th,  llth,  and  24th  Ya.  Regiments) 22 

129  Kershaw's  Bri<r.  (2d,  3d,  7th,  8th,  and  15th  S.  C.  Reg'ts) 22 

47  Kilpatrick,  Biisr.-General,  3*1  Div.  Cavalry 21.  47.  48 

1(57  Lane's  Briff.  (7th,  ISth,  2Stli,  33d,  and  37th  N.  C.  Reg'ts) 23.  27,  39,  41,  Ml.  82.  83 

Lang,  CoJ.  (sec  Perry's  Brigade) 22,  29,  K 

130  Law's  Brig.  (4th.  15th,  44th,  47th,  and  4Sth  Ala.  Reg'ts) 21 

Leach,  Capt 69 

Lee,  General 2<  i.  21,  32,  79 

Leonard  General 54 

B  Little  Round  Top 12.  IS,  39,  46,  75 

Lock,  Brev.  Brig.-General 46 

Lockwood's  (  Independent)  Brigade,  1st  Div.,  12th  Corps 19.  20.  21 

141  Longstreet,  Lieut.-General 9,  IS,  21,  2.;,  21).  :!H.  54.  79.  82 

156  Lonrance.  Col.  (see  Scales'  Brigade) 23.  29,  82,  83 

McAllister,  General 54 

53  McCandless,  Col.,  1st  Brig.,  3d  Div..  5th  Corps  (1st,  2d,  Oth,  llth  Pa.  Reserves,  and  1st  Rifles).15,  18, 19.  46 

MacDougall,  Lieut-Col.,  lllth  X.  Y 40,71 

McDougall's  Briga  le  (:  :<)!.)  (1st).  1st  Div.,  12th  Corps 21 

M'Fadden,  Capt.,  59th  N.  Y.  Yols 63 

171  M'Gowairs  (Pen-in's)  Briiz.  (1st,  12th.  13th,  14th  S.  C.  Reti'ts.  and  Orr's  Riik-s;) 23,  82 

27  McKeen,  Col.,  1st  Btii:.  (Cross'),  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps  (5th  N.  II.,  61st  N.Y.,  Slst,  14sth  Pa.Yols.)  45 

McKcnzie,  Lt.  (Gen.  Meade's  Staff) 34.  62 

133  McLaws,  Major-General 18,    9.  22 

Macy,  Lieut.-Colonel,  commanding  20th  Mass.  Yols 38.  69 

13  Madill,  Col,  1st  Bris.,  1st  Div.,  8d  Corps  (57th,  63d,  6sth,  105th,  and  1  Ust  Pa.  Yols.) 43.  44,  54 

166  Marshall,  Col.  (see  Pettiirrew's  Brigade) 23.  29 

73  Mallon,  Col.,  42«l  ^.  Y.  Vols 23,  64,  66 

145  Mahone's  Brie.  (6th.  12th,  16th,  41st,  and  61st  Ya.  lli-ifts) 22 

147  Martin,  Lieut-Col.,  53d  V:u '. 33.  34 

90  Meade,  Major-General  (Commander-in-Chief) 11,  20.  34,  42,  54,  61.  67.  68 

M<>ade,  Lieut 34,  35,  62 

Meredith.  General 

55  Mcrritt,  Brig. -Gen.  (Reserve  Cavalry  Brigade) 48 

Milne,  Lieut 75 

P  Millerstown  Poad 14 

86  Mitchell,  Major  (Gen.  Hancock  s  Staff) 11,  28,  84,  62,  68 

1 16  Morgan,  Col.  (Chief  of  Gen.  Hancock's  Staff) 

160  Morris,  Capt.  ( Archer's  Brigade) 

T  Mummasburg  Turnpike 

40  Nevin,  Col..  3d  Briz.,  3d  Div.,  6th  Corps  (62d  N.  Y.,  93d,  98th,  102d,  and  139th  Pa.  Yols.).. .  -        1I>.  46 

10  Newton,  Major-General,  1st  Corps 26,  28,  39.  41.  43,  44,  54,  73,  74 

Oak  Ridge 

U   Oak  Hill 14.  16.  24,  25 

O'Kane,  Col.,  69th  Pa.  Yols 37 

Osborne,  Major 25,  41,  65 

Owens,  Capt.,  commanding  151st  Pa.  Yols 70 

93  Parker,  Capt.   (Gen.  Hancock's  Staff) 37 

H   Peach  Orchard l.\  K  19.  22,  24.  79 

Fender's,  Major-General,  Division 23,  27,  79,  80,  82 

Pendleton,  Brig.-General 25,  79 

Y  Pennsylvania  College 

171  Pen-in,  Col.  (seo  McGowan's  Brigade) 23.  82 

37  Perry's  (Col.  Lang's)  Brie.  (2d,  5th,  and  Sth  Florida  Reg'ts) 22.  29.  84 

155  Petti-rew.  Bri-.-General. 22.  23,  26.  29.  41.  80t  81.  82 

166  Pettiirrew's  Bri-ade  (Marshall)  (llth,  26th,  47th,  and  52d  N.  C.  Reg'ts) 23.  27.  29 

Pickett,  Maior-General,  -r>-  '-•'•  86.  ^ 

Pickett's  Division   15.  22.  26,  .",5.  36.  3s,  31),  40,  71,  79.  SO,  8l,  S3.  84 

148  Posev's  Briz.  (12th,  16th,  19th,  and  45th  Ga.  Reg'ts,  and  2d  Battalion) 

V   Power's  Hill 

174  Prisoners  (Confederate) '"•*•  4--  tj--  64,  tl.  4 2 

72  &  97  Provost  Guard .     ^ 

S   Railroad  

173  Eamseur's  Brig.  (2d,  4th,  14th,  and  30th  N.  C.  Reg'ts) 


REGIMENTS. 
ALABAMA. — CONFEDERATE. 

REGIMENT.  BRIGADE.  DIVISION.  CORPS. 

130  ..     4th  Redment    Law  Hood Longstreet 

160  ..     Sth  Battalion     \rriu-r .Heth  Hill 

135  ..     Sth  Regiment    Wiicox Anderson do 

135  ..     9th  ...".do d» do do 

135  ..   10th  ....do do do do  

135  ..  llth  ....do do do do 

160  ..   13th  ....do An-hpr Heth do  22,  82 

135.     14th...  do..,         Wiicox Anderson do 22 


INDEX. 


89 


KEY. 

130 

15th 

REGIMENT. 
Regiment 

BRIGADE. 
..Law  .  .. 

DIVISION. 
....    Hood   

CORPS. 

Longstreet  

130 

44tli 

do 

.  do 

do 

do  

47th 

do 

do 

do 

do 

130    . 

:   4sth 

...do  .. 

...do  .. 

...do  .. 

...do  ... 

ARKANSAS.— CONFEDERATE. 
3d  Regiment Robertson Hood Longstreet 21 


CONNECTICUT.— UNION. 

14i.li  Regiment 2d  Smyth 3d  Hays 2d  Hancock 

27th do..  ...4thBrooke 1st  Cald well. ..  ...do.. 


101 

23 


1st  Regiment 

2d  ....do... 


DELAW  ARE.— UNION. 

.2d  Smyth 3d  Hays 

.4th  Brooke 1st  Caldwell 


....2d  Hancock  . 
...do  .. 


FLORIDA.— CONFEDERATE. 

2d  Regiment Perry Anderson... 

5th.  ..'.do do do 

8th.... do  ..  ....do do  .. 


GEORGIA.— CONFEDERATE. 


151 
128 

.     2d  Battalion  Wright  
.     2d  Regiment    Benning  
3d      ...  lo  Wright  

Anderson  
.    ...Hood  .... 
....  Anderson  .  . 

Hill 
Lot 
Hill 

gstreet  

25 
21 
22 

127 

.     7th  

lo  Anderson  

...    .Hood    

Lon 

.'Street  

21 

127 

.     8th  .... 

lo  

.  do  

do  .  . 

do    

21 

1:'7 

.     9th  .... 

lo  

.do  

do  

do  

21 

131 

lo  Se 

McLaws  

do  

22 

127 

.   llth  

lo  An 

dersoii  

Hood  

do  

...     .             21 

1GS 

.  14;  h  

lo  Th 

oinas  

Ponder  

...Hili 

23 

.   15th  .... 

lo  Be 

imng.  

....Hood  

Lon 

^street   .... 

21 

1  •».,) 

W, 

)fford 

McLaws 

do 

2° 

1-2s 

.   17th  ....do  ..                 ...Be 
1Mb          do                           W 

ming  
itf'ord 

Hood  .  . 
Me  I  iws 

do  

21 

128 

.  2nth  ....do  Bt 

nning  .    ... 

Hood  

do  

21 

151 

.    22d    ....do  W, 

iirht"  

Uil! 

22 

1  32 

.    24!h  ....do  W, 

)fford 

Mcl/nvs 

Lon 

gstreet  

22 

US 

.   C5th  do  Th 

nnas  

Pender  

Hill 

23 

ins 

.   45th  ....do  

.do  

do  

do 

23 

I,-  1 

.   4Mh  ....do  Wi 

iirht  

.    ..  .Anderson  

do. 

22 

163 

.   49th  do  Th 

unas  

fender  

do 

23 

131 

.   50th  do  Se 

nines  

McLaws  

Lor 

22 

131 

.    51st   do  

.do  

do  

do  

22 

131 

.   53d    ....do  

.do     

do  

do  

22 

127 

.   59th  ...  .do  An 

derson  .... 

Hood  

do  

22 

13-, 

.Cobb's   Leirion  W( 

.tford  

....  McLaws  

do  

21 

132 

.Phillip's  .do  

.do  

do    

do   

22 

14th  Regiment. 
6  ..     20th..  .do 


INDIANA.— UNION. 


.1st  Carroll 3d  Hays 

.  2d  Berdan 1st  Howard. . . 


.2d  Hancock.. 
.3d  Birney 


40 


MAINE.— UNION. 


3d    Regiment. 

4th  ....do  ... 

5th  ....do  ... 

6th  ....do  ... 

11-2  ..  ICth do  ..  . 

13  ..  17th  ....do  ... 

(H  ..  19th do  ... 

31  ..  20th do  ... 


.2d  Berdan 1st  Ward.   . 

do do 

.2d  Bartlett 3d  Wheeler. 

.3.1  Russell 1st  Wriffht  . 


.1st  Coulter 2d  Robinson, 

.3d  De  Trobriaiid 1st  Ward 

.1st  Harrow...' 2d  Gibbon. .. 

.3d  Rice  .  ..  .1st  Barnes..  . 


.3d  Birney , 

do 

.6th  Sedirwick 

....   do? 

.1st  Newton 

.3d  Birnev... 


4", 
4-', 
46 
47 
41 
44 

2d  Hancock 28,  35,38,  69 

.5thSykes 45 


19-b.     1st  Regiment  . 

12  ..     7th  ....do  

31    ..     9th do     .. 

1-2   ..   10th do  .... 

19-b.  Hth  ....do  .. 


MASSACHUSETTS.— UNION. 

.1st  Carr 2d  Humphreys. 

.  2d  Eustis 3d  Wheaton  . . . 

.2d  Sweitzer 1st  Barnes 

.2d  Enstis 3d  Wheaton  . . . 

.1st  Carr 2d  Humphreys. . 


.3d  Birney 

.6th  Sedirwick 

.5th  Syk'es 

.6th  Sedirwick 

.3d  Birney 


44 

44 

45,47 
44 
44 


90 


IXDKX. 


KEY.                     REGIMENT.                                BRIGADE.                                   DIVISION.                                  COKPS.  PAGE 

117  ..  !2th  Regiment 2d  Baxter 2d  Robinson 1st  Newton 41 

112   ..   13th  ....do 1st  Coulter do do 41 

61   ..   15th...  do 1st  Harrow 2d  Gibbon 2d  Hancock 38,  fij) 

19-b.   16th do 1st  Can- 2d  Humphreys 3d  Birney 44 

39  ..   ISth do 1st  Tilton 1st  Barnes  .'. 5th  Sykes 47 

71  ..   19th  ...  do 3d  Hall 2d  Gibbon 2d  Hancock....  23,33,37,  63,  75 

68  . .   20th do do do do 33,  38,  G9 

39  ..  22d    do 1st  Tilton 1st  Barnes 5th  Sykes        47 

26-a..2Sth  ....do 2d  Kelly 1st  Caldwcll 2d  Hancock 45 

31    ..   32(1    do 2d  Sweitzer 1st  Barnes 5th  Sykes 45 

115  ..  33d    .   .do 2d  Smith 2d  Steinwehr llth  Howard 41 

12  ..  37th do 2dEustis 3d  Wheaton Cth  Sedgwick 44 


MICHIGAN.— UNION. 

39  ..     1st  Regiment 1st  Tilton 1st  Barnes 5th  Sykes 47 

13  . .     3d  . . .  .do 3d  De  Trobriand. . .  .1st  Ward 3d  Birney 44 

31   ..     4th  . .  .do 2d  Sweitzer    1st  Barnes oth  Sykes 32,  33,  3S.  45 

13  ..     5th. ..do 3d  De  Trobriand 1st  Ward 8d  Birney 44 

69  ..     7th  ...do 3d  Hall 2d  Gibbon 2d  Hancock 33,33.  09 

31  ..  16th  ...do 3d  Rice 1st  Barnes 5th  feykes 45 


MINNESOTA.— UNION. 
60 
72    V     1st  Regiment 1st  Harrow 2d  Gibbon 2d  Hancock 33,  42.  69 


60    ) 

72    I 

74    | 


MISSISSIPPI.— CONFEDERATE. 


169   ..     2d  Regiment Davis Heth Hill 23 

169  .     llth  ...do do do do 23 

148  ..  12th  ..  .do Posey Anderson do '22 

138..  13th. ..do Barksdale Alt-Laws Longstreet 22 

14S  ..  16th  ..  .do Posey Anderson Hill    22 

138  ..  17th  ..  .do Bark'sdale McLaws Longstreet 22 

13S  ..  ISth  ..  .do do do do 22 

148  ..   19th  . .  .do Posey Anderson Hill 22 

138  ..  21st   ...do Barksdale McLaws Longstreet 23 

169  ..  42d    ...do Davis Heth Hill 23 

148  ..  4Sth  ...do Posey..   Anderson do 22 


NEW  HAMPSHIRE.— UNION. 

irling 2d  Humphreys  . . 

IcKeene 1st  Caldwvll 

19-b..  12th  ..  .do 1st  Carr 2d  Humphreys 3d  Birney   44 


19  ..     2d  Regiment 3d  Burling 2d  Humphreys 3d  Birney 45 

27..     5th. ..do...  ...4thMcKeene 1st  Caldwvll 2d  Hancock..  45 


NEW  YORK.— UNION. 

5th  Cavalry Farnsworth Kilpatrick Pleasanton  , 43 

10th... do   2d  Smyth 3d  Hays 2d  Hancock 40 

57  . .  20th  N.  Y.  S.  M 1st  Rowley 3d  Doubleday 1st  Newton 38,  44,  70,  73 

106  ..  39th  Regiment 3d  Sherrill 3d  Hays 2d  Hancock 40,71 

13  ..  40th... do 3d  De  Trobriand 1st  Ward 3d  Birney 44 

73  ..   42d    ...do 3d  Hall 2d  Gibbon 2d  Hancock 28,33,37,64 

31   ..  44th  ..  .do 3d  Rice 1st  Barnes 5th  Sykes 45 

22..   52d    ...do 3d  Frazer 1st  Caldwell 2d  Hancock 45 

22  ..   57th. ..do do do do 45 

27  ..  59th  ...do 3d  Hall 2d  Gibbon do    33,38.  69 

27  ..    61st  ...do 4th  McKeene 1st  Caldwell do 45 

40  ..   62d do 3d  Nevins 3  Wheaton Cth  Sed^wick 4(5 

26-a  .  63d    ...do 2d  Kelley 1st  Caldwell 2d  Hancock 45 

23  ..   64th  ..  .do »..4th  Brooke do do 45 

14  ..  65th  ...do 1st  Shaler 3d  Wheaton 6th  Sedgwick 44 

22  ..   66th. ..do .3d  Frazer 1st  Caldwell 2d  Hancock 45 

14  ..   67th  .    .do 1st  Shaler 3d  Wheaton Cth  Sedirwick 44 

26-a.  69th  ...do 2d  Kelley 1st  Caldwell 2d  Hancock 45 

21   ..   70th  ...do  1st  Excelsior. 2d  Brewster 2cl  Humphreys 3d  Birney 45 

21  ..  71st  ...do  2d do do do do 45 

21   ..   72d    ...do  3d do do do .do 45 

21   ..  73d    ...do4th....do do do do 45 

21   ..   74th  ..  .do  5th do do do do 45 

66..  82d    ...do 1st  Harrow 2d  Gibbon   2d  Hancock 38.69 

117  ..83d    ..  .do 2d  Baxter 2d  Robinson  do 41 

7  ..   S6th do 2d  Berdan 1st  Ward 3d  Birney  43 

26-a  .  88th  ...do 2d  Kelley 1st  Caldwell 2d  Hancock 45 

112  ..   94th  ..  .do 1st  Coulter 2d  Robinson 1st  Newton 41 

117  ..  97th  ..  .do 2d  Baxter    do do 41 

112  ..104th  ...do 1st  Coulter do do 41 

108  ..103th  ..  .do 2d  Smyth 3d  Hays 2d  Hancock  40 

105-a. lllth  ,.  .do 3d  Sherrill do do 40,  71 


INDEX. 


91 


KEY. 

REGIMENT. 

BRIGADE. 

DIVISION. 

CORPS. 

PAGE 

21     . 

•20th  Regiment  

2d  Brewster  .  .  . 

2d  llum[,h;v\s  

3d  Birnev  

45 

33   . 

''1st         do 

.  .  ..2d   Bartiett 

3d   Wheaton  

Oih  Sed-wick... 

14   . 

22d  do  

...1st  Shaier  

do  

do".  

44 

I    . 

24th.  ...do  

....2.1  Berdan  

....1st   Ward  

3d  Birnev      

43 

102-a 

25th...  .do  

3d  Sherrill..    .  . 

3d  Hays  

2d  Hancock  .... 

40 

105   . 

26th.  ...do  

do  

do  

do  

40,71 

115   . 

30th.  ...do  

2d  Smith  

.  .  .  .2d  Steinwehr  

llth  Howard  

41 

30  . 

14oth  do  

..3d  Garrard  .    .  . 

2d  Avres  

Sth  Svkes  

47 

36  . 

146th  do  

do 

do  

do  

47 

NEW  JERSEY.—  UNION. 

24 

1st  Regiment  

1st  Torbert  

1st  Wriirht  

6th  Sedgwick  

45 

24 

f>l\            do 

do  

<]() 

do  

45 

24   . 

3d     do  

do  

do  

do  

45 

19   . 

5th  ....do  

3d  Burlin-'  

2d  Humphreys  

3d  Birney  

45 

19 

Otii  do  

do  

do 

....  do  

45 

19 

7th  ....do  

do  

do  

....  do  

45 

19   . 

Sth  ....do  

do 

do  

....  do  

45 

1'JO 

11th.    .    do 

...  .1st  Carr  

do 

....  do  

44 

10-' 

12th  ....do  

2d  Smvth  

3d  Huvs  

2d  Hancock  

40,  71 

24   . 

15th  do  

1st  Torbert  

1st  Wright  

6th  bedgwick  

45 

NORTH  CAR 

OLINA.  —  CONFEDERATE. 

173   . 

2d  Regiment  

Ramseur  

....Rodes  

Ewell  .. 

23 

173   . 

4th  ....do  

do  

do 

do  

23 

107   . 

7th    ...do  

....Lane  

Pender  

Hill  

23 

160   . 

llth  ....do  

PeUii.Tt.-w  

lleth  

..do  .. 

23 

150   . 

13th  ....do  

...   Scales  

Pender  

..do  

23 

173   . 

14th  ....do  

....  Ramseur     

Rodes  

Ewell   

23 

150    . 

10th  ....do  

....  Scales  

Tender  

Hill     

23 

107   . 

18th  do  

.  .  ..Lane  

(1     

.  .  do  

23 

156 

22.1  do  

..  Scales  

do  

.  .do 

23 

107   . 

23.1  do  

Lane  

do  

.  .  do  

23 

160   . 

20th  do  

I'ettiirrew  

Heth  

.  .  do  

23 

173   . 

30th  do  

Ramseur  

Ewell  

23 

197   . 

83,1  do  

Lane  

.    ...Pender  

..  do  

23 

150   . 

34;  li  ....do    

..  .  .Scales  

do  

..  do  

23 

107   . 

37th     ...do  

Lane  

do  

..  do  

23 

150   . 

3-th     ...do  

Scales  

do  

..  do  

23 

160   . 

47th  ....do  

Pettiirrew  

Heth  

..  do  

23 

160  . 

52d  do  

do  

do  

..  do  

23 

OHIO.—  UNION. 

46  . 

1st  Cavalrv  

1st  Farnsworth 

3d  Kilpatrick  

Pleasanton  

43 

4th  Regiment  

.  .  .  .1st  Carroll  

....3d  Havs  

2d  Hancock  

40 

9«; 

Sth  do    

do  

do  

do  

...28,  40,  41,  72 

115   . 

55th  do  

2d  Smith  

2d  Steinwehr  

llth  Howard.... 

41 

115    . 

73d  ....   do  

do  

do  

do  

41 

55  .. 
40  .. 

14  .. 
19-b. 

15  .. 
28  .. 
13  .. 
31  .. 
13  .. 

13  .. 
7S  .. 
89  .. 
S3  .. 
27  .. 

14  .. 
31  .. 

117  .. 
117  .. 

30  .. 

40  . 

83  .. 

33  .. 

40  .. 
7  .. 

40  .. 

13  .. 


PENNSYLVANIA.-UNION. 

6th  Cavalry Merritt 3d  Kilpatrick Pleasanton 

Ibth do 1st  Farnsworth do do 

23d do 1st  Shaier 3d  Wheaton 6th  Sedgwick 

.20th  Regiment 1st  Carr   2d  Humphreys 3d  Birnev 

49tu do 3d  Russell 1st  Wriirht Gth  Sedgwick 

. .  .4th  Brooke 1st  Caldwell  . .        . .  .2d  Hancock. . . 


5-3.1 


do 


57th do 1st  Madill 1st  Ward 3d  Birney 

6M do 2d  Sweitzer 1st  Barnes Sth  Svkes 

o...  ...1st  Madill 1st  Ward...  ...3dBi 


63d 


irney 


6Sth do do do do          44 

G9th do 2d  Webb 2d  Gibbon 2d  Hancock  ..33,  35,  37.  63,  66.  67 

71st do do    do do 33.35.36,63,66,67 

72,1 do do do do 33,  36.  37,  63,  66.  67 

Slst do 1st  McKeene 1st  Caldwell do 47 

S2d do 1st  Shaier 3d  Wheaton Gth  Sedgwick 44 

S:;d do 3d  Rice 1st  Barnes Sth  Sykes 45 

S>th do 2d  Baxter 2d  Robinson 1st  Newton 41 

90th do do do do 41 

91st.    ...do 3d  Ganard 2d  Ayres Sth  Svkes 47 

93d do 3d  Nevins 3d  W'heaton 6th  Sedgwick 46 

95th do 2d  Bartiett  do do 46 

90th do do do  do 40 

9Sth  . .   .do 3d  Nevins do  do 40 

99th do 2d  Berdan 1st  Ward 3d  Birney  43 

102d      .     do 3d  Nevins 3d  Wheaton Oth  Sedgwick 40 

105th do 1st  Madill 1st  Ward 3d  Birney 44 

106th  !.'.  do  .. 2<:1  Webb 2d  Gibbon 2d  Hancock 31 


92 


INDEX. 


KEY. 

REGIMENT. 

BRIGADE. 

DIVISION. 

CORPS. 

PAGE 

112   .. 

107th  Regiment... 

1st  Coulter  

2d  Robinson.   . 

.  .  .1st  Newton.  . 

43 

13  .. 

110th  do  

3d  De  Trobrian 

1.  ...1st  Ward  

..  .3d  Binicy  

44 

19   .. 

115th  ....do  

3d  Burling..    .  . 

2d  Humphreys.  . 

do  

45 

2<3-a  . 

110th  do  

2dKellev  

....1st  Caldwell... 

....2d  Hancock  ... 

45 

39  .. 

USth  ....do  

......  .1st  Tilton  

..  ..1st  Bnines  

.  ..5th  Svkes  

47 

15  .. 

119th  ....do  

3d  Russell  

1st  Wright  

...Cth  Sedgwiek.. 

47 

11   .. 

121st  ....do  

1st  Rowley  .... 

....3d  Doubleday... 

.  .    1st  Newton  

44 

40  .. 

139th  ....do  

3d  Nevins  

....3d  \\heaton  .... 

...6th  St-djrwick.. 

46 

22   .. 

140th  do  

3d  Frazer  

1st  Caldwoll  

...2d  Ilaneock  .. 

45 

13  .. 

141st  do  

1st  Madill  

1st  Ward  

...3d  Birnev  

44 

11    .. 

142d  do  

1st  Rowley  

SdDotibledav... 

...1st  Newton  ... 

44 

9   .. 

143d  do  

2d  Dana  

do  ...."... 

do  

44 

28  .. 

145ih  ....do  

4th  Brooke  

IstCaUhvfll.... 

.  .  .2d  Hancock  

45 

27   .. 

14Sth  do  

1st  McKeene.  .. 

do  .., 

do  

45 

9  .. 

149th  ....do  

2d  Dana  

....3d  Doubleday... 

.  ..1st  Newton  .  .  . 

44 

9  .. 

150th  do  

do  

do  

do  

44 

54  .. 

151st  do  

1st  Rowlcv.... 

....2d  Gibbon  

2d  Hancock  ... 

38.  44,  70,  73 

36  .. 

155th  do  

3d  Canard  

2d  Ayres  

.  .  .5th  Sykes  

47 

PENNSYLVANIA    RESERVES. 

53   .. 

1st  Regiment  .. 

IstMcCandless 

3d  Crawford  .. 

...5thSykes... 

46 

53  .. 

2d  do  

do  

do  

do 

46 

38  .. 

5th  ...    lo  

3d  Fisher  

do  

do  

47 

53  .. 

Cth  ...    lo  

1st  McCandless 

do 

do  

46 

38  .. 

9th  ...    lo  

3d  Fisher... 

do  

do  

47 

88  .. 

Kith  ...    lo  

do  

do 

do  

47 

68  .. 

llth  ...    lo  

1st  MeCandless 

do  

do  

46 

38  .. 

12th  ...    lo  

3d  Fisher  

do    

do  

47 

51  .. 

Ifct  Rifle    

1st  McCaudless 

do  

do  

46 

REGI 

'LARS.—  UNION. 

55  .. 

1st  Cavalry  

Merritt... 

....3d  Kil  pat  rick... 

.  ..Plensanton    ... 

4S 

55  .. 

2.1  do  

do  

do  

do  

48 

55  .. 

5th  ....do  

do  

do  

do    ... 

48 

32-b. 

2d  Regiment  

2d  Burbank.... 

.  .  .  .2d   Avres  

...5th  Svkes... 

47 

82-a. 

3d  do  

1st  Day  

do  

do  

47 

32-a  . 

4th  do  ...    . 

do  

do  

do  

47 

32-  a. 

61  h  ....do  

do  

do  

do  

47 

32-b. 

7th  do  

2d  Burbank  ... 

do  

do 

47 

32-b. 

10th  ....do  

do  

do 

do    

47 

32-b. 

llth  ...  do  

do  

do  

.do  

47 

32-a. 

12th  ....do  

1st  Dav  

do  

do 

47 

32-a. 

14th  do  

do  

do  

do  

47 

S^-b. 

17th  ...   dc  

2d  Burbank  ... 

do  

do  

47 

RHODE  ISLAND.— UNION. 
12  ..2d  Regiment 3d  Eustis 3d  Wheaton... 6th  Sedgwick, 


SOUTH  CAROLINA— CONFEDERATE. 


171 
129 
129 
129 
129 
171 
171 
171 
129 
171 

.     1st  Regiment  MeGowan  
2d              d(                                Kershaw 

Fender  

Hill 

23 

..McLaws. 

22 

•t 

do 

.     7th  ...   d( 
..     Sth  ...   d( 
12th          d( 

do  . 

do 

22 

do 

do 

do 

22 
23 
23 

..  McGowan  

Fender  

Hill... 
do 

13th         d( 

do 

do  .  .  . 

14th          do  do  

do  

do  

23 

.   15th  ....d( 
.Orr's  Rifles 

Kershaw 

.  .  .    .McLaws  .  .  . 

Lon  "street 

.  ..McGowan  .  . 

...Fender... 

...Hill... 

23 

TENNESSEE.— CONFEDERATE. 


160  ..     1st  Regiment Archer 

160  ..     7th  .  ..".do do  . . 

160  ..   14th do do  .. 


.Heth 

.  do.. 
.  do.. 


.Hill. 

.  do  . 

.do  . 


TEXAS.— CONFEDERATE. 


126  ..     1st  Regiment Robertson Hood Longstreet 

126  ..     4th do do do .do  .... 

126  ..  51st  do do do do 


VERMONT.— UNION. 


46  ..  1st  Cavalry 

80  ..  2d  Regiment 

80  ..  3d  .....do  

30  ..  4th do  ... 


.1st  Fnrnpworth 3d  Kilpatrick. . . 

.2d  Grant 2d  Howe 

do do 

...  do do  . . 


.  ..Fleasanton 

....6th  Sedgwick. 

do 

...do  ... 


22.  SI 
5:2 

22,  82 


INDEX.  03 

KEY.  KEGIMKNT.  BRIGADE.  DIVISION'.  CORPS.  PAGR 

30  ..  5th  Regiment 2d  Grant 2d  Howe 6th  Sedgwick  4T 

30  ..  6th  .  ...do do do do 47 

12th  .  .  do 3d  Stannard 3d  Doubleday 1st  Newton 40 

<V2  13th  do  -.  .do do do 3S,  39.  TO.  73 

50  '.'.  14th  '.".".'.do...... do do do 29,30,35,71,73 

15th  ...do do do do  40 

G3  ..  iGih do  ...  ...do do do 30,  33,  70,  73 


VIRGINIA.— CONFEDERATE. 


3d            do 

do 

do 

22 

145 

Ctli          do 

Mahone 

Anderson 

Hill  

'>2 

143 

7th          do 

Kemper  

..Pickett  

Longstreet  

22,  G9 

1  53 

9th          do 

do 

do 

1  13 

do 

....do  

22 

145 

I'-'th          do 

Mahone 

\nderson 

Hill 

22 

1  .-,3 

14th          do 

\rmistead 

Piekett         .    . 

Longstreet  

.    ...             22 

14") 

16th          do 

Mahone 

\nderson 

Hill   

23 

17-> 

Heth 

do 

22 

143 

Pickett 

.  .   Lonsstreet  .  - 

22 

do 

23 

-•> 

4'ith          do 

Brokenborou^h 

..Heth 

Hill  

22 

41st          do 

Mahone 

do 

2'> 

47th          do 

do 

do  . 

do  

23 

53 

53d           do 

Pickett 

Lon^street            .    . 

22  23 

72 

55th          do 

Brokcnborotigh.  . 

..Heth  

23 

53   . 
145 

.   57th  ....do  
.   61st  do  ... 

Armistead  
...Mahone..., 

..Pickett  
.  .Anderson.  .  . 

Longstreet  
...Hill... 

23 
22 

WEST  VIRGINIA.— UNION. 

46   ..     1st  Cavalry 1st  Farnsworth 3d  Kilpatrick Pleasanton 4S 

. .     7th  Regiment 1st  Carroll 3d  Hays 2d  Hancock 40 

WISCONSIN. 
15  ..     5th  Regiment 3d  Russell 1st  Wright  6th  Sedgwick 47 

O   Reynolds,  Major-General,  1st  Corps  (killed  July  1st) 16,  17,  24,  40 

81  Rice,  Col.   3d  Bri<r.   (Vincent's),   1st  Div.,  5th  Corps  (16th  Mich.,  44th  N.  Y.,  83d  Pa.,  20th  Me. 

Vols) 45,  75 

26  Robertson's  Brig.  (1st,  4th,  and  51st  Texas,  and  3d  Ark.  Reg'ts) 21.  '22 

114  Robinson.  Brig. -General,  2d  Div.,  1st  Corps 19,  41,  54.  72.  73 

Rodes'  (Major-General)  Dividon 23,  41 

D    Round  Top 12.  13,  IS,  21.  25,  45,  46.  47.  4S,  62,  74 

11  Rowley,  Bris.-Genl.  1st  Bris.,  3d  Div..  1st  Corps  (121st,  142d,  151st  Pa.  Vols.,  and  20th  N.  Y.S.  M.)  33,  44 

Ruser's  (Brig.-General)  Division.  1st  Div..  12th  Corps 20,  21 

15  Russell,  Brig.-Gen.,  3d  Bris.,  1st  Div.,  6th  Corps  (5th  Wis.,  6th  Me.,  49th  and  119th  Pa.  Vols.)..  47 

Saville.  Capt.  (Col.  Smyth's  Staff) 40 

93  Sawyer.  Col.,  Sth  Ohio' Vols 2S,  41,72 

156  Scales'  Brigade  ( Lourance)  (13th,  1 6th,  22d,  34th,  and   3Sth  N.  C.  Reg'ts) 23,  29,  39,  S2,  S3 

Schimmeli'hennig,  Bris.-General,  2d  Div.,  and  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  llth  Corps 17 

120-a  Schurz,  Briir. -General,  3d  Div.,  llth  Corps 17,  41 

29  Sed2 wick.  Major-General,  6th  Corps 44,  46,  47,  73,  74 

Seeley,  Capt.,  111th  N.  Y.  Vols '.....  71 

Selfri'dge,  < ;.-nera! 54 

Q   Seminary  (Theological) 13,  14,  16.  17.  44.  46 

Seminary  Uidirc 13,  14,  16,  17,  21,  22,  24,  34,  72 

131  Semmes'  Brig.  (10th,  50th,  51st,  and  53d  Ga.  Reg'ts) 22 

14  Shaler,  Briir.-Gen.,  1st,  Bris..  3d  Div.,  6th  Corps  (65th,  67th,  122d  N.Y..  23d  and  S2d  Pa.  Vols.)  21,  44.  54,  74 

160  SlK-pard,  Colonel,  of  Archer's  Brigade SI 

109  Bherrill.  Col.,  3d  Briir.,  3d  Div.,  2d  Corps  40,  71 

Sickles'  Ridse 14 

Sickles,  Major-General 15,  IS,  19.  20.  54 

Slocum,  Major-General 20.  34,  54.  61 

115  Smith,  Col.,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  llth  Corps  (55th,  73d  Ohio,  136th  N.  Y.  and  33d  Mass.  Vols.)  ....       41,  72 
Smith,  Col..  71st  Pa.  Vols 67 

104  Smyth.  Col.,  2d  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  2d  Corps 40,  71 

South  Mountain 15 

51  Stannard,  Bris.-General.  3d  Bris.,  3d  Div.,  1st  Corps 26,  28,  35,  36,  3S.  39,  40,  54,  63,  70,  73 

Steel,  Lieut-Col.,  7th  Mich.  Vols '. 38 

120  Steinwehr,  Brig.-General,  2d  Div.,  llth  Corps 16,  41,  54,  72 

Stone,  General 54 

S4  Stone  Wall 23.  33,  34,  35,  36.  65.  67,  81,  82 

31  Swvitzer.  Col..  2d  Bris.,  1st  Div.,  5th  Corps  (4th  Mich.,  62d  Pa.,  9th  and  32d  Mass.  Vols.).. IS,  45,  47,  54,  74 

23  Sykes.  Major-General,  5th  Corps 46,  54,  62,  73 

A  &  'Y  Taneytown  Road 42,  46,  47.  61 

163  Thomas's  Brig.  (14th,  35th,  45th,  and  49th  Ga.  Reg'ts) 23,  S2 

Thomas,  Lieut.-Col.,  59th  N.  Y.  Vols 63 

39  Tilton.  Col..  1st  Brisr.,  1st  Div.,  5th  Corps  (1st  Mich.,  118th  Pa.  Vols.) IS,  47,  54,  74,  75 

121  Tompkins,  Col..  Chief  6th  Corns  Artillery 42 

X  Town  of  Gettysburg ' 13,  14,  16,  17,  41 


94:  INDEX. 


KEY.  PAGE 

24  Torbert,  Brig.-Gen.,  1st  Brig.,  1st  Div.,  6th  Corps  (1st,  2cl,  3d,  and  15th  N.  J.  Yols.) 45,  40,  73,  74,  76 

125  Trevor,  Sergeant,  5th  U.  S. 42 

15S  Trimble,  Major-General 28,  26.  29.  SO.  S2,  S3 

13  De  Trobriand,  Col,  3d  Brig.,  1st  Div.,  3d  Corps  (3d,  5th  Mich.,  17th  Me.,  40th  N.  Y.,  and  110th 

Pa.  VoK) 43,  44,  54 

Tschudy.  Lieut.-Colonel,  69th  Pa.  Yols 37 

Upton,  Col.,  (si-c  Bartlett's  Brigade) 46 

Vincent,  Brig.-General,  3d  Brig,  1st  Div.,  5th  Corps 12.  13, 18.  45 

C  Vincent's  Spur 12,  18 

Wadsvvorth,  Brig. -General,  1st  Div.,  1st  Corps 44,  54,  73 

Walker.  Mr 31.  54 

4  Ward,  Brig.-General,  1st  Div.,  3d  Corps 43,  54.  73 

Warren,  Britr.-General  (Chief  Engineer  Army  Potomac) 54 

81  Webb,  Brig.-General,  2d  Brig.,  2d  Div.,  2d  Corps.. 26,  2S,  34,  35,  36,  37,  3S,  39,  42,  43,  54,  03,  64.  CC.  67.  6!», 

70,  76,  SO 

Weed,  Brig. -General 12,  IS,  47,  73 

B  Weed's  Hill 12 

Wessels,  Capt 35 

35  Wheaton,  Brig.-General,  3d  Div.,  6th  Corps 46 

G   Wheat  Field '. 12,  15,  IS,  19.  46 

135  Wilcox's  Briir.  (Sth,  9th,  10th.  llth.  and  14th  Ala,  Reir'ts) 19,  22,  29,  30,  54,  SO,  83,  84 

4S-a  Willard,  Col.,  (killed.  July  2d),  3d  Brig.,  3d  Div.,  2d  Corps 19,  40 

Williams,  Brig.-General,  commanding  12th  Corps 20.  54 

Wister.  General 54 

132  Wofford's  Brisr.  (16th.  ISth.  and  24th  Ga.  Re-'ts.  Cobb's  and  Phillips'  Legions) 19.  22,  32 

25  Wright.  Brig.-General,  1st  Div.,  6th  Corps 45,  47 

151  Wright's  Brigade 19,  22,  29,  80 

York  Road. 16 

53  Zook,  Brig.-General  (killed,  July  2).  3d  Briu'.,  1st  Div.,  2d  Corps 19 


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